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How Manual Transmissions Workby Marshall BrainIf you drive a stick-shift car, then you may have several questions floating in your head.How does the funny "H" pattern that I am moving this shift knob through have any relation to the gears inside the transmission? What is moving inside the transmission when I move the shifter? When I mess up and hear that horrible grinding sound, what is actually grinding? What would happen if I were to accidentally shift into reverse while I am speeding down the freeway? Would the entire transmission explode? In this article, we'll answer all of these questions and more as we explore the interior of a manual transmission.Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the gasoline engine. First, any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without exploding. Second, if you have read How Horsepower Works, then you know that engines have narrow rpm ranges where horsepower and torque are at their maximum. For example, an engine might produce its maximum horsepower at 5,500 rpm. The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows down. You shift gears so the engine can stay below the redline and near the rpm band of its best performance.Photo courtesy DaimlerChryslerMercedes-Benz Actros, manual transmission. See more transmission pictures.Ideally, the transmission would be so flexible in its ratios that the engine could always run at its single, best-performance rpm value. That is the idea behind the continuously variable transmission (CVT).A CVT has a nearly infinite range of gear ratios. In the past, CVTs could not compete with four-speed and five-speed transmissions in terms of cost, size and reliability, so you didn't see them in production automobiles. These days, improvements in design have made CVTs more common. The Toyota Prius is a hybrid car that uses a CVT.The transmission is connected to the engine through the clutch. The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine.
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76b3aba8d1eb 师傅你要是打算跑运输的话我建议你还是买福田汽车省油拉的还多 ```上面朋友介绍的车子是不错但是价格上都偏贵了一点 时代领航3450的49500`````4100发动机 时代领航3800的54800``````4105发动机 都是气杀的 目前就东风小霸王，解放，江铃，江淮好些。 五菱 江淮 开迪 师傅你要是打算跑运输的话我建议你还是买福田汽车省油拉的还多 ```上面朋友介绍的车子是不错但是价格上都偏贵了一点 时代领航3450的49500`````4100发动机 时代领航3800的54800``````4105发动机 都是气杀的 目前就东风小霸王，解放，江铃，江淮好些。 五菱 江淮 开迪
c8d66aca9a92 离合器打滑 车辆不能起步或起步困难，加速加不起来，严重时发出焦臭味，这是离合器打滑。 造成离合器打滑的原因有以下几方面： （1）离合器自由行程过小，分离轴承压在分离杠杆内端，压盘处于半分离状态，在传递动力时打滑。 （2）驾驶员操作不当。上坡换挡不及时，当发动机快要熄火时才换入低挡位；为了节油而脱挡熄火滑行，当再次启动发动机时，先挂上高挡位，再用放松离合器踏板的方法，强迫发动机启动；加重了离合器摩擦片的滑磨。 （3）离合器压盘弹簧折断，使传递发动机扭矩的能力大大降低，从而出现打滑现象。 （4）离合器摩擦片磨损后变薄，表面硬化，铆钉外露或沾有油污也是离合器打滑的原因。 （5）离合器分离杠杆调整不当，离合器和飞轮的结合螺栓松动，也会使离合器产生打滑现象。 （6）按钮阀排气阀口阻塞，助力气缸内的压缩空气不能迅速完全排掉，造成离合器半分离状态，打滑。 排除办法： （1）检查并调整离合器踏板的自由行程，自由行程应为35～40mm（踏板处）。分离杆顶部间隙应为6mm。 （2）如离合器自由行程正常，应拆下飞轮壳下检视孔板，检查离合器盖和飞轮壳的联接是否可靠，查看摩擦片是否有油，如有油彻底清洗。 （3）在检查中，如发现摩擦片磨损严重、烧蚀或铆钉已外露应换用新片。 （4）检查压盘，如表面有烧蚀现象，应拆卸并将压盘在车床上磨光，或在平面磨床上磨光，压盘沿径向出现裂纹，应予以更换。压盘弹簧的弹力不合要求的也应予以更换。更换后组装，并在钳工平台上进行调整。 （5）驾驶员应正常操作，在车辆投运前应进行培训，对离合器部位应予以重视，每个“二保”均应检查、调整离合器的自由行程，防止出现打滑现象。
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16af6d851815 
43eb1196c42e 
d362720a6e7b 
梅长苏 
沙滩上的贝壳 
风无情 
