岩石分类

目录导航

岩浆岩类

（岩浆岩）——顾名思义，就是直接由岩浆形成的岩石，指由地球深处的岩浆侵入地壳内或喷出地表后冷凝而形成的岩石。又可分为侵入岩和喷出岩（火山岩）。

岩石分类顾名思义，就是经历过变质作用形成的岩石，指地壳中原有的岩石受构造运动、岩浆活动或地壳内热流变化等内应力影响，使其矿物成分、结构构造发生不同程度的变化而形成的岩石。又可分为正变质岩和负变质岩。

顾名思义，就是由沉积作用形成的岩石，指暴露在地壳表层的岩石在地球发展过程中遭受各种外力的破坏，破坏产物在原地或者经过搬运沉积下来，再经过复杂的成岩作用而形成的岩石。沉积岩的分类比较复杂，一般可按沉积物质分为母岩风化沉积、火山碎屑沉积和生物遗体沉积。沉积岩主要包括有石灰岩、砂岩、页岩等。

三大类岩石是可以通过各种成岩作用相互转化的，这也就形成了地壳物质的循环。

Rock type	How it was formed	Examples
Igneous	Formed from the hardening of molten rock, or magma, whick is called lava when it reaches the surface of the Earth.	Granite, pumice, basalt, obsidian
Sedimentary	Formed bu the sedimentation, or gradual depositing, of small bits of rock, clay, and other materials. over thime this deposited material becomes cemented together. most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.	shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal
Metamorphic	Formed when existing rock material is altered through temperature, pressure, or chemical processes.	marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite

Rock type	How it was formed	Examples
Igneous	Formed from the hardening of molten rock, or magma, whick is called lava when it reaches the surface of the Earth.	Granite, pumice, basalt, obsidian
Sedimentary	Formed bu the sedimentation, or gradual depositing, of small bits of rock, clay, and other materials. over thime this deposited material becomes cemented together. most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.	shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal
Metamorphic	Formed when existing rock material is altered through temperature, pressure, or chemical processes.	marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite

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