- 爱德华·蒙克
爱德华·蒙克
人物生平
爱德华·蒙克爱德华·蒙克Edvard Munch，挪威画家。父亲是位医生，笃信基督教。幼年丧母，姐姐被肺病夺去生命，妹妹患精神病。童年时代的不幸对其一生的创作有深刻的影响。
蒙克于1880年进奥斯陆工艺美术学校随C克罗格习画，受印象主义画风的影响。1889年改用传统的画法创作《病孩》变体画《春》，从而获得奖学金去法国留学，从师L.博纳。在法国，他在研究印象主义画法的基础上，转而对后印象主义和纳比派发生兴趣。他发现线条和色彩有强烈的表现力，试图用它们画出活生生的人们，他们的呼吸、感觉、受苦受难并彼此的相爱。[7]
在当时哲学和美学思潮影响下，他努力发掘人类心灵中的各种状况，表现疾病、死亡、绝望、情爱等主题。因此，他的创作有“心灵的现实主义”的称号。1892年，在德国柏林美术家协会举办展览，由于受到保守势力的攻击，很快被封闭，但对德国青年画家以很大的刺激，推动了表现主义运动的产生。
蒙克的早期油画《病孩》（1886)《在灵床旁》（1895)《母亲之死》（1899），多是童年和少年时代生活的回忆。1890年的油画《圣克卢之夜》和1892年的油画《卡尔.约翰街的夜晚》标志着他风格的转折，显示出他表现主义画家的特质。90年代最有代表性的作品是《春情》(1894）和《呐喊》(1893)，前者描绘人对幽闭的恐惧，后者刻画人对孤独与死亡的恐怖感。他于1894年开始从事版画创作，在木刻、石版、铜版画方面，都有独特的创造。他的版画题材多取自于油画，其中以《生命》组画最为出色，被他自己称为生命、爱和死的诗歌。
爱德华·蒙克的作品(3)蒙克，1863年12月12日出生于挪威雷登（Løten），在克里斯蒂安尼亚（现在的奥斯陆）长大。是画家雅各布·蒙克（Jacob Munch，1776-1839）和历史学家彼得·安德烈·蒙克（Peter Andreas Munch，1810-1863）的亲戚。蒙克的母亲劳拉（Laura Cathrine Bjølstad）在1868年死于肺结核，母亲死後小蒙克由父亲克里斯蒂安·蒙克单独抚养。蒙克的父亲患有精神病，他向他的孩子们灌输了对地狱的根深蒂固的恐惧，他一再告诉他们,如果他们在任何情况下、以任何方式犯有罪孽，他们就会注定被投入地狱，没有任何宽恕的机会。父亲在蒙克青年期去世（1889年），另外一个兄弟和蒙克最喜欢的姐姐苏菲在1877年也死了。蒙克的一个妹妹在小时候就被诊断为患有精神病。蒙克自己也体弱多病。蒙克的五个兄弟姐妹中只有安德烈结过婚，但在婚礼後不过数月也死了。眼看着身边的双亲和骨肉兄弟接二连三地不断死去，这对蒙克的精神打击是很厉害的，一个悲痛尚未过去，另一个悲痛接踵而至。这已经超过了精神打击，而是到了深度精神折磨的程度。死亡的残酷烙印永远地刻在了蒙克年轻而敏感的心灵深处，当年蒙克的心态不是一般人所能想象的。这大概就是为什么蒙克的作品压抑又悲观的原因了。蒙克後年说：“病魔、疯狂和死亡是围绕我摇篮的天使并且他们伴随我一生。”1879年蒙克为成为一名工程师而进工学院念书。然而，频繁的患病中断了他的学业。1880年，蒙克为了成为一名画家而离开工学院。1881年，蒙克考进了奥斯陆皇家艺术和设计学院，他的老师是雕刻家朱利厄斯·米德尔顿（Julius Middelthun）和自然主义画家克里斯蒂安·克罗格（Christian Krohg）。1885年，蒙克前往巴黎。他的作品开始显示出法国画家的影响；一开始是印象派，接着是後期印象派，然後是新艺术造型。蒙克的绘画尽管风格上是後期印象派的，但在主题上却是象征派的，蒙克的绘画内容在于刻画内心世界而不是外在现实。
1892年蒙克应邀参加柏林艺术家联盟在11月份举行的画展。蒙克的绘画成了苦涩的争论对象。画展在一星期後结束。在柏林，蒙克成了一个国际圈子里的一员，里面有作家、艺术家和评论家，包括挪威剧作家亨利·易卜生（HenrikIbsen），（蒙克为易卜生的几个剧本设计了布景）和瑞典戏剧家奥古斯特·史特林堡（August Strindberg）。
在1892年至1908年间，蒙克的大部分时间在巴黎和柏林度过，他在铜版画，石版画和木版画上出名了。在世纪之交期间的柏林，蒙克开始用新的素材（照相、石版印刷和木版画）凭记忆来复制他过去的作品。1908年秋，他的焦虑变得深刻并在丹尼尔·贾可布逊博士的诊所住院接受治疗。医院里施行的休克疗法改变了他的个性。1909年蒙克回到挪威，更多地表现出对大自然的兴趣，他的作品变得更富于色彩，减少了悲观的成分。在纳粹统治期间，蒙克的作品被贴上了“颓废艺术”的标签，从德国的各个美术馆撤了下来。这对（反纳粹主义的）蒙克来说是很伤心的，因为他把德国看作为他的第二祖国。
蒙克在他过80岁生日後一个月的1944年1月23日，于奥斯陆附近的艾可利（Ekely）与世长辞[8]。他向奥斯陆捐赠了1000幅油画，15400张版画，4500件素描和水彩画，还有6件雕刻作品。後来为纪念蒙克，建造了蒙克美术馆（位于Tøyen）。蒙克美术馆对蒙克作品的收藏量为世界第一。位于奥斯陆的国立艺术画廊收藏了蒙克的一些油画作品。奥斯陆“大陆酒店”（Hotel Continental）里的“Dagligstuen”酒吧藏有不少蒙克的版画精品。
主要作品
作品名称 |
年份 |
Øvre Foss |
1880 |
Small Lake with Boat |
1880 |
Horse and Wagon in front of Farm Buildings |
1880 |
Autumn Work in the Field |
1880 |
Landscape with Woman Walking by a Lake |
1880 |
Landscape with Trees and Water |
1880 |
Autumn in the Forest |
1880 |
Horse and Cart on a Country Road |
1880 |
Still Life with Pipe and Bibles |
1880 |
View from Fossveien |
1880-81 |
View from Fossveien |
1881 |
Winter Landscape with House and Red Sky |
1881 |
Potted Plant on the Window-Sill |
1881-82 |
Potted Plant |
1881-82 |
The Living-Room of the Misses Munch in Pilestredet 61 |
1881 |
From Vestre Aker |
1881 |
Hakloa in Maridalen |
1881 |
Maridalsveien in Nydalen |
1881 |
Houses in Maridalen |
1881 |
From Maridalen |
1881 |
Akerselva |
1881 |
Landscape with Woman and Child |
1881 |
Landscape with a Small House and Two People |
1881 |
Landscape with Lake and Forest |
1881 |
From Bunnefjorden |
1881 |
From Sandvika |
1881 |
Man Rowing towards Land |
1881 |
Bay with Boat and House |
1881 |
Man and Woman in Boat |
1881 |
Fisherman by the Water |
1881 |
Christian Munch on the Couch |
1881 |
Christian Munch on the Couch |
1881 |
Study of a Landscape |
1881 |
View of Grüner's Garden |
1881 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881-82 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881 |
View from Fossveien 7 towards Bergfjerdingen |
1881 |
People on the Road in Wet Snow |
1881 |
Goblin with Christmas Porridge |
1881 |
Still Life with Jar, Apple, Walnut and Coconut |
1881 |
Øvre Foss in Winter |
1881-82 |
Boy in Snow |
1881-82 |
View of the City on a Winter's Day |
1882 |
Self-Portrait |
1882 |
Laura Munch |
1882 |
Laura Munch |
1882 |
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East |
1882 |
View across Olaf Rye's Square |
1882 |
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East |
1882 |
Landscape with Waterfall and House |
1882 |
Evening Atmosphere at Sea |
1882 |
Landscape with a Small Waterfall |
1882 |
Spring Landscape |
1882 |
Stream in Spring |
1882 |
Karen Bjølstad |
1882-83 |
Man's Head with Beard |
1882-83 |
The Errand Boy |
1882-84 |
Garden with Red House |
1882 |
Garden with Red House |
1882 |
By the Garden Table |
1882 |
Akerselva by Slåmotgangen |
1882 |
Inger by the Window |
1882 |
Akerselva by Nedre Foss |
1882 |
Akerselva |
1882 |
Birch Trees with Woman Walking |
1882 |
Birch Trees in the Autumn |
1882 |
From Vestre Aker |
1882 |
Birch Trees and Man Carrying Twigs |
1882 |
Autumn in Vestre Aker |
1882 |
Woman on a Country Lane |
1882 |
Two Boys on a Country Lane |
1882 |
Thorvald Torgersen |
1882 |
Thorvald Torgersen |
1882 |
Head of a Boy |
1882 |
Andreas Reading |
1882 |
Andreas Reading |
1882 |
Andreas Reading |
1882 |
Self-Portrait |
1882 |
Drive at Vaterland |
1882 |
From Saxegårdsgate |
1882 |
Laura Munch |
1883 |
Otto Linthoe |
1883 |
Study of a Man's Head |
1883 |
Study of an Old Man's Head |
1883 |
Head of an Old Man with Beard |
1883 |
Study of an Old Man's Head |
1883 |
Afternoon at Olaf Rye's Square |
1883 |
Street Corner on Karl Johan, Grand Café |
1883 |
Christian Munch on the Couch |
1883 |
Landscape from Asker |
1883 |
Autumn in Asker |
1883 |
Andreas by the Window |
1883 |
Andreas Reading |
1883 |
The Dome of Trinity Church |
1883 |
Study of a Head |
1883 |
Early in the Morning |
1883 |
Andreas Singdahlsen |
1883 |
Hjalmar Borgstrøm |
1883 |
Portrait of a Woman |
1883 |
Karen Bjølstad in the Rocking Chair |
1883 |
Around the Paraffin Lamp |
1883 |
At the Coffee Table |
1883 |
At Supper |
1883 |
The Infirmary at Helgelandsmoen |
1884 |
Fence in the Forest |
1884 |
Two People on the Way to the Forest |
1884 |
Morning |
1884 |
Christian Munch |
1884 |
Portrait Studies |
1884 |
Inger Munch in Black |
1884 |
Street in Winter |
1885 |
Ball |
1885 |
Tête-à-tête |
1885 |
Karl Johan |
1885 |
Girl's Head |
1885 |
Dagny Konow |
1885 |
Study of an Old Man's Head |
1885 |
Fredrik Lidemark |
1885 |
Karl Jensen-Hjell |
1885 |
Klemens Stang |
1885 |
Christian Munch with Pipe |
1885 |
Karen Bjølstad |
1885 |
Jørgen Sørensen |
1885 |
Andreas Munch |
1885 |
Cabaret |
1885 |
The Sickroom |
1885 |
The Sick Child |
1885 |
Red-Haired Girl with White Rat |
1886 |
Girl at the Piano |
1886 |
Self-Portrait |
1886 |
Andreas Munch Studying Anatomy |
1886 |
Afternoon Nap |
1886 |
Boat with Three Boys |
1886 |
Man on the Veranda |
1886 |
From Hisøya near Arendal |
1886 |
Woman and Children in Arendal |
1886 |
Thorvald Torgersen |
1886 |
Puberty |
1886 |
The Day After |
1886 |
Seated Young Girl |
1887 |
Betzy Nilsen |
1887 |
Halvard Stub Holmboe |
1887 |
Jacob Torkildsen |
1887 |
Forest Landscape with Small Lake |
1887 |
Veierland near Tønsberg |
1887 |
Two Men by the Window |
1887 |
Law |
1887 |
Kristiania Bohemians |
1887 |
Self-Portrait |
1888 |
Marius Selmer |
1888 |
Bendix Lange |
1888 |
Beach |
1888 |
The Tønsberg Fjord |
1888 |
On the Pier |
1888 |
Man Binding Fishnet |
1888 |
Karen Bjølstad |
1888 |
Evening |
1888 |
Summer Day on the Pier |
1888 |
Laura and Inger in the Summer Sun |
1888 |
Evening |
1888 |
Inger in Sunshine |
1888 |
At the General Store in Vrengen |
1888 |
Andreas Bjølstad |
1888 |
Aasta Carlsen |
1888 |
Man Standing in the Doorway |
1889 |
Karl Dørnberger |
1889 |
Charlotte Dørnberger |
1889 |
Georg Stang |
1889 |
John Hazeland on his Deathbed |
1889 |
Spring |
1889 |
Hans Jæger |
1889 |
From Karl Johan |
1889 |
Music on Karl Johan |
1889 |
Beach Landscape fromÅsgårdstrand |
1889 |
Beach |
1889 |
From Åsgårdstrand |
1889 |
Beach Landscape |
1889 |
Shore |
1889 |
Summer Night. Inger on the Beach |
1889 |
Summer Evening |
1889 |
Summer |
1889 |
Summer in Åsgårdstrand |
1889 |
Morten Damme's House near Åsgardstrand |
1889 |
Standing Female Nude |
1889 |
A French Tavern (Two Men and a Woman) |
1890 |
The Canal near Paris (with a Small Streamboat) |
1890 |
A Woman (in Half-figure) with Landscape (Returned from Victoria terrasse) |
1890 |
A Small Beach Study |
1890 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
At the Wine Merchant's |
1890 |
In the Bar |
1890 |
In the Café |
1890 |
Norwegian Spring Landscape |
1890 |
Landscape |
1890 |
The Streamboat Arrives |
1890 |
Beach |
1890 |
Spring Day on Karl Johan |
1890 |
Sunny Day in Åsgårdstrand |
1890 |
Garden Path |
1890 |
Woman in Evening Landscape |
1890 |
Landscape |
1890 |
View from Hauketo |
1890 |
View from Hauketo |
1890 |
Landscape |
1890 |
The Absinth Drinkers |
1890 |
Two Children |
1890 |
Under the Palm Trees in Nice |
1891 |
Afternoon on the Promenade des Anglais |
1891 |
Morning on the Promenade des Anglais |
1891 |
Sunny Day in Nice |
1891 |
Rooftops in Nice |
1891 |
Night in Nice |
1891 |
Fisherboy from Nice |
1891 |
Boy's Head |
1891 |
Young Woman in Blue |
1891 |
Young Woman in Blue |
1891 |
Model Scratching her Arm |
1891 |
Rue Lafayette |
1891 |
Rue de Rivoli |
1891 |
Sunday in Åsgardstrand |
1891 |
Young Blond Girl |
1891 |
Summer Evening in Åsgardstrand |
1891 |
In Open Air |
1891 |
Summer |
1891 |
Eroticism on a Summer Evening |
1891 |
Karl Johan in the Rain |
1891 |
Evening. Melancholy |
1891 |
Woman in Blue against Blue Water |
1891 |
Old Fisherman |
1891 |
Pine Forest |
1891 |
Summer Day in the Forest |
1891 |
Forest Landscape |
1891 |
From Nordstrand |
1891 |
Landscape in Moonlight |
1891 |
Woman by the Balustrade |
1891 |
Inger in a White Blouse |
1891 |
no:Jappe Nilssen |
1891 |
Arve Arvesen |
1891 |
Gunnar Heiberg |
1891 |
Helge Rode |
1891 |
Olga Buhre |
1891 |
Alexandra Thaulow |
1891 |
Kiss by the Window |
1891 |
The Day After |
1891 |
Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway |
1892 |
Childhood Memory |
1892 |
Gamblers in Monte Carlo |
1892 |
Gamblers in Monte Carlo |
1892 |
At the Roulette Table in Monte Carlo |
1892 |
Sick Mood at Sunset. Despair |
1892 |
Cypress in Moonlight |
1892 |
Kiss by the Window |
1892 |
The Kiss |
1892 |
The Girl by the Window |
1892 |
Woman Combing her Hair |
1892 |
Woman Looking in the Mirror |
1892 |
After the Bath |
1892 |
From the Riviera |
1892 |
From the Riviera |
1892 |
Moonlight by the Mediterranean |
1892 |
A Pine |
1892 |
Trees by the Mediterranean |
1892 |
From the Riviera |
1892 |
Men Flocking round Women in Light Clothing |
1892 |
Forest |
1892 |
Moonlight on the Beach |
1892 |
Mystery on the Shore |
1892 |
Mystery on the Shore |
1892 |
Two Human Beings. The Lonely Ones |
1892 |
Melancholy |
1892 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1892 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1892-93 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1892 |
Vision |
1892 |
The Water Lillies |
1892-93 |
Evening on Karl Johan |
1892 |
From Nordstrand |
1892 |
On the Veranda |
1892 |
Inger by the Window |
1892 |
Inger in Black and Violet |
1892 |
Seated Young Woman |
1892 |
Autumn Rain |
1892 |
Jakob Bratland |
1892 |
Ludvig Meyer |
1892 |
Thor Lütken |
1892 |
Ragnhild andDagny Juel |
1892-93 |
August Strindberg |
1892 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1893 |
The Girl by the Window |
1893 |
Study of a Model |
1893 |
Separation |
1893 |
Woman with Red Hat |
1893-94 |
Symbolic Study |
1893-94 |
Portrait of a Man |
1893-94 |
Woman's head against a red Background |
1893-94 |
Self-Portrait under the Mask of a Woman |
1893 |
Seated Nude and Grotesque Masque |
1893 |
Sunrise in the Harbour |
1893-94 |
Rosa and Amelie |
1893 |
Sunrise in Åsgårdstrand |
1893-94 |
Summer Night |
1893 |
Melancholy |
1893 |
Death at the Helm |
1893 |
Summer Night. Mermaid |
1893 |
Summer Night's Dream. The Voice |
1893 |
Starry Night |
1893 |
Starry Night |
1893 |
Moonlight |
1893 |
House in Moonlight |
1893-95 |
The Storm |
1893 |
Death and Spring |
1893 |
The Angel of Death |
1893 |
By the Deathbed. Fever |
1893 |
Death in the Sickroom |
1893 |
Death in the Sickroom |
1893 |
Death in the Sickroom |
1893 |
Vampire |
1893 |
The Scream |
1893 |
The Scream |
1893 |
Vampire |
1893 |
Vampire |
1893 |
The Hands |
1893-94 |
Dagny Juel Przybyszewska |
1893 |
Helge Bäckström |
1893 |
Minchen Torkildsen |
1893 |
Ragnhild Bäkström |
1894 |
Botho Graf Schwerin |
1894 |
Ebehard von Bodenhausen |
1894 |
Julius Meier-Graefe |
1894 |
Separation |
1894 |
Death and Life |
1894 |
Puberty |
1894 |
Puberty |
1894-95 |
The Day After |
1894 |
Vampire |
1894 |
Selma Fontheim |
1894 |
Selma Fontheim |
1894 |
Nora Mengelberg |
1894 |
Ludvig Meyer's Children |
1894 |
Stanislaw Przybyszewski |
1894 |
Inger in a Red Dress |
1894 |
Bathing Women |
1894 |
Bathers |
1894 |
Bathing Boys |
1894 |
Melancholy |
1894 |
Melancholy |
1894-96 |
Woman. Sphinx |
1894 |
Woman |
1894 |
Anxiety |
1894 |
Despair |
1894 |
Madonna |
1894 |
Madonna |
1894-95 |
Madonna |
1895 |
Madonna |
1895-97 |
Madonna |
1895-97 |
Berlin Model |
1895 |
Cabaret |
1895 |
The Scream |
1895 |
Vampire |
1895 |
The Smell of Death |
1895 |
The Smell of Death |
1895 |
At the Deathbed |
1895 |
Vampire |
1895 |
Ashes |
1895 |
Jealousy |
1895 |
Beach in Åsgårdstrand |
1895 |
Moonlight |
1895 |
Self-Portrait with Cigarette |
1895 |
Stanislaw Przybyszewski |
1895 |
Oscar and Ingeborg Heiberg |
1895-96 |
Half-Nude in a Black Skirt |
1896 |
Study of a Nude |
1896 |
Young Woman Washing herself |
1896 |
Seated Nude against a Red Background |
1896 |
Seated Nude with her Back Turned |
1896 |
The Mermaid |
1896 |
Summer Landscape |
1896 |
The Sick Child |
1896 |
Separation |
1896 |
Summer Night. The Voice |
1896 |
The Girl by the Window |
1896-97 |
Bathing Woman |
1896-97 |
The Kiss |
1896-97 |
Women in a Swimming Pool |
1896-97 |
Paul Herrmann and Paul Contard |
1897 |
The Kiss |
1897 |
The Kiss |
1897 |
Inheritance |
1897-99 |
Women in Hospital |
1897 |
Mother and Daughter |
1897-99 |
Two Women in a Landscape |
1897-99 |
Old Man with a Beard |
1897-99 |
Brothel Scene |
1897-99 |
Hospital Ward |
1897-99 |
Bathing Boys |
1897-98 |
Bathing Boys |
1897-99 |
Bathing Girls |
1897-99 |
Bathing Children |
1897-99 |
Bathing Boys |
1897-99 |
Autumn |
1897-98 |
Marie Helene Holmboe |
1898 |
Female Portrait |
1898-99 |
Dark-Haired Man and Red-Haired Woman |
1898-99 |
Holger Drachmann |
1898 |
Henrik Ibsenat theGrand Café |
1898 |
Study of a Model |
1898 |
Half-Nude in a Blue Skirt |
1898 |
Nude |
1898 |
Nude |
1898 |
Two Women. Symbolic Study |
1898 |
Sitting Nude by the Beach |
1898 |
Man and Woman |
1898 |
Nude in Profile towards the Right |
1898 |
Metabolism |
1898-99 |
Tulla Larsen |
1898-99 |
Tulla Larsen |
1898-99 |
Father and Son |
1898 |
Seated Nude and Three Male Heads |
1898-99 |
Tragedy |
1898 |
Jealousy in the Bath |
1898 |
Beach |
1898 |
The Rainbow |
1898 |
Woman by the Sea in Åsgardstrand |
1898 |
House with Red Virginia Creeper |
1898-99 |
House with Red Virginia Creeper |
1898-99 |
Red Virginia Creeper |
1898-1900 |
The Son |
1904 |
The Coffin is Carried Out |
1898-1900 |
Boulevard in Paris |
1898-1900 |
Winter |
1899-1900 |
Winter in the Woods, Nordstrand |
1899 |
Death and the Child |
1899 |
Death and the Child |
1899 |
Landscape |
1899 |
The Garden |
1899 |
Munch's House and Studio in Åsgardstrand |
1899 |
Munch's House in Åsgårdstrand |
1899 |
Dark Spruce Forest |
1899 |
主要成就
作品名称 |
年份 |
Øvre Foss |
1880 |
Small Lake with Boat |
1880 |
Horse and Wagon in front of Farm Buildings |
1880 |
Autumn Work in the Field |
1880 |
Landscape with Woman Walking by a Lake |
1880 |
Landscape with Trees and Water |
1880 |
Autumn in the Forest |
1880 |
Horse and Cart on a Country Road |
1880 |
Still Life with Pipe and Bibles |
1880 |
View from Fossveien |
1880-81 |
View from Fossveien |
1881 |
Winter Landscape with House and Red Sky |
1881 |
Potted Plant on the Window-Sill |
1881-82 |
Potted Plant |
1881-82 |
The Living-Room of the Misses Munch in Pilestredet 61 |
1881 |
From Vestre Aker |
1881 |
Hakloa in Maridalen |
1881 |
Maridalsveien in Nydalen |
1881 |
Houses in Maridalen |
1881 |
From Maridalen |
1881 |
Akerselva |
1881 |
Landscape with Woman and Child |
1881 |
Landscape with a Small House and Two People |
1881 |
Landscape with Lake and Forest |
1881 |
From Bunnefjorden |
1881 |
From Sandvika |
1881 |
Man Rowing towards Land |
1881 |
Bay with Boat and House |
1881 |
Man and Woman in Boat |
1881 |
Fisherman by the Water |
1881 |
Christian Munch on the Couch |
1881 |
Christian Munch on the Couch |
1881 |
Study of a Landscape |
1881 |
View of Grüner's Garden |
1881 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881-82 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881 |
Gamle Aker Church |
1881 |
View from Fossveien 7 towards Bergfjerdingen |
1881 |
People on the Road in Wet Snow |
1881 |
Goblin with Christmas Porridge |
1881 |
Still Life with Jar, Apple, Walnut and Coconut |
1881 |
Øvre Foss in Winter |
1881-82 |
Boy in Snow |
1881-82 |
View of the City on a Winter's Day |
1882 |
Self-Portrait |
1882 |
Laura Munch |
1882 |
Laura Munch |
1882 |
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East |
1882 |
View across Olaf Rye's Square |
1882 |
Olaf Rye's Square towards South East |
1882 |
Landscape with Waterfall and House |
1882 |
Evening Atmosphere at Sea |
1882 |
Landscape with a Small Waterfall |
1882 |
Spring Landscape |
1882 |
Stream in Spring |
1882 |
Karen Bjølstad |
1882-83 |
Man's Head with Beard |
1882-83 |
The Errand Boy |
1882-84 |
Garden with Red House |
1882 |
Garden with Red House |
1882 |
By the Garden Table |
1882 |
Akerselva by Slåmotgangen |
1882 |
Inger by the Window |
1882 |
Akerselva by Nedre Foss |
1882 |
Akerselva |
1882 |
Birch Trees with Woman Walking |
1882 |
Birch Trees in the Autumn |
1882 |
From Vestre Aker |
1882 |
Birch Trees and Man Carrying Twigs |
1882 |
Autumn in Vestre Aker |
1882 |
Woman on a Country Lane |
1882 |
Two Boys on a Country Lane |
1882 |
Thorvald Torgersen |
1882 |
Thorvald Torgersen |
1882 |
Head of a Boy |
1882 |
Andreas Reading |
1882 |
Andreas Reading |
1882 |
Andreas Reading |
1882 |
Self-Portrait |
1882 |
Drive at Vaterland |
1882 |
From Saxegårdsgate |
1882 |
Laura Munch |
1883 |
Otto Linthoe |
1883 |
Study of a Man's Head |
1883 |
Study of an Old Man's Head |
1883 |
Head of an Old Man with Beard |
1883 |
Study of an Old Man's Head |
1883 |
Afternoon at Olaf Rye's Square |
1883 |
Street Corner on Karl Johan, Grand Café |
1883 |
Christian Munch on the Couch |
1883 |
Landscape from Asker |
1883 |
Autumn in Asker |
1883 |
Andreas by the Window |
1883 |
Andreas Reading |
1883 |
The Dome of Trinity Church |
1883 |
Study of a Head |
1883 |
Early in the Morning |
1883 |
Andreas Singdahlsen |
1883 |
Hjalmar Borgstrøm |
1883 |
Portrait of a Woman |
1883 |
Karen Bjølstad in the Rocking Chair |
1883 |
Around the Paraffin Lamp |
1883 |
At the Coffee Table |
1883 |
At Supper |
1883 |
The Infirmary at Helgelandsmoen |
1884 |
Fence in the Forest |
1884 |
Two People on the Way to the Forest |
1884 |
Morning |
1884 |
Christian Munch |
1884 |
Portrait Studies |
1884 |
Inger Munch in Black |
1884 |
Street in Winter |
1885 |
Ball |
1885 |
Tête-à-tête |
1885 |
Karl Johan |
1885 |
Girl's Head |
1885 |
Dagny Konow |
1885 |
Study of an Old Man's Head |
1885 |
Fredrik Lidemark |
1885 |
Karl Jensen-Hjell |
1885 |
Klemens Stang |
1885 |
Christian Munch with Pipe |
1885 |
Karen Bjølstad |
1885 |
Jørgen Sørensen |
1885 |
Andreas Munch |
1885 |
Cabaret |
1885 |
The Sickroom |
1885 |
The Sick Child |
1885 |
Red-Haired Girl with White Rat |
1886 |
Girl at the Piano |
1886 |
Self-Portrait |
1886 |
Andreas Munch Studying Anatomy |
1886 |
Afternoon Nap |
1886 |
Boat with Three Boys |
1886 |
Man on the Veranda |
1886 |
From Hisøya near Arendal |
1886 |
Woman and Children in Arendal |
1886 |
Thorvald Torgersen |
1886 |
Puberty |
1886 |
The Day After |
1886 |
Seated Young Girl |
1887 |
Betzy Nilsen |
1887 |
Halvard Stub Holmboe |
1887 |
Jacob Torkildsen |
1887 |
Forest Landscape with Small Lake |
1887 |
Veierland near Tønsberg |
1887 |
Two Men by the Window |
1887 |
Law |
1887 |
Kristiania Bohemians |
1887 |
Self-Portrait |
1888 |
Marius Selmer |
1888 |
Bendix Lange |
1888 |
Beach |
1888 |
The Tønsberg Fjord |
1888 |
On the Pier |
1888 |
Man Binding Fishnet |
1888 |
Karen Bjølstad |
1888 |
Evening |
1888 |
Summer Day on the Pier |
1888 |
Laura and Inger in the Summer Sun |
1888 |
Evening |
1888 |
Inger in Sunshine |
1888 |
At the General Store in Vrengen |
1888 |
Andreas Bjølstad |
1888 |
Aasta Carlsen |
1888 |
Man Standing in the Doorway |
1889 |
Karl Dørnberger |
1889 |
Charlotte Dørnberger |
1889 |
Georg Stang |
1889 |
John Hazeland on his Deathbed |
1889 |
Spring |
1889 |
Hans Jæger |
1889 |
From Karl Johan |
1889 |
Music on Karl Johan |
1889 |
Beach Landscape fromÅsgårdstrand |
1889 |
Beach |
1889 |
From Åsgårdstrand |
1889 |
Beach Landscape |
1889 |
Shore |
1889 |
Summer Night. Inger on the Beach |
1889 |
Summer Evening |
1889 |
Summer |
1889 |
Summer in Åsgårdstrand |
1889 |
Morten Damme's House near Åsgardstrand |
1889 |
Standing Female Nude |
1889 |
A French Tavern (Two Men and a Woman) |
1890 |
The Canal near Paris (with a Small Streamboat) |
1890 |
A Woman (in Half-figure) with Landscape (Returned from Victoria terrasse) |
1890 |
A Small Beach Study |
1890 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
The Seine at Saint-Cloud |
1890 |
At the Wine Merchant's |
1890 |
In the Bar |
1890 |
In the Café |
1890 |
Norwegian Spring Landscape |
1890 |
Landscape |
1890 |
The Streamboat Arrives |
1890 |
Beach |
1890 |
Spring Day on Karl Johan |
1890 |
Sunny Day in Åsgårdstrand |
1890 |
Garden Path |
1890 |
Woman in Evening Landscape |
1890 |
Landscape |
1890 |
View from Hauketo |
1890 |
View from Hauketo |
1890 |
Landscape |
1890 |
The Absinth Drinkers |
1890 |
Two Children |
1890 |
Under the Palm Trees in Nice |
1891 |
Afternoon on the Promenade des Anglais |
1891 |
Morning on the Promenade des Anglais |
1891 |
Sunny Day in Nice |
1891 |
Rooftops in Nice |
1891 |
Night in Nice |
1891 |
Fisherboy from Nice |
1891 |
Boy's Head |
1891 |
Young Woman in Blue |
1891 |
Young Woman in Blue |
1891 |
Model Scratching her Arm |
1891 |
Rue Lafayette |
1891 |
Rue de Rivoli |
1891 |
Sunday in Åsgardstrand |
1891 |
Young Blond Girl |
1891 |
Summer Evening in Åsgardstrand |
1891 |
In Open Air |
1891 |
Summer |
1891 |
Eroticism on a Summer Evening |
1891 |
Karl Johan in the Rain |
1891 |
Evening. Melancholy |
1891 |
Woman in Blue against Blue Water |
1891 |
Old Fisherman |
1891 |
Pine Forest |
1891 |
Summer Day in the Forest |
1891 |
Forest Landscape |
1891 |
From Nordstrand |
1891 |
Landscape in Moonlight |
1891 |
Woman by the Balustrade |
1891 |
Inger in a White Blouse |
1891 |
no:Jappe Nilssen |
1891 |
Arve Arvesen |
1891 |
Gunnar Heiberg |
1891 |
Helge Rode |
1891 |
Olga Buhre |
1891 |
Alexandra Thaulow |
1891 |
Kiss by the Window |
1891 |
The Day After |
1891 |
创作特点
Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway |
1892 |
Childhood Memory |
1892 |
Gamblers in Monte Carlo |
1892 |
Gamblers in Monte Carlo |
1892 |
At the Roulette Table in Monte Carlo |
1892 |
Sick Mood at Sunset. Despair |
1892 |
Cypress in Moonlight |
1892 |
Kiss by the Window |
1892 |
The Kiss |
1892 |
The Girl by the Window |
1892 |
Woman Combing her Hair |
1892 |
Woman Looking in the Mirror |
1892 |
After the Bath |
1892 |
From the Riviera |
1892 |
From the Riviera |
1892 |
Moonlight by the Mediterranean |
1892 |
A Pine |
1892 |
Trees by the Mediterranean |
1892 |
From the Riviera |
1892 |
Men Flocking round Women in Light Clothing |
1892 |
Forest |
1892 |
Moonlight on the Beach |
1892 |
Mystery on the Shore |
1892 |
Mystery on the Shore |
1892 |
Two Human Beings. The Lonely Ones |
1892 |
Melancholy |
1892 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1892 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1892-93 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1892 |
Vision |
1892 |
The Water Lillies |
1892-93 |
Evening on Karl Johan |
1892 |
From Nordstrand |
1892 |
On the Veranda |
1892 |
Inger by the Window |
1892 |
Inger in Black and Violet |
1892 |
Seated Young Woman |
1892 |
Autumn Rain |
1892 |
Jakob Bratland |
1892 |
Ludvig Meyer |
1892 |
Thor Lütken |
1892 |
Ragnhild andDagny Juel |
1892-93 |
August Strindberg |
1892 |
Night in Saint-Cloud |
1893 |
The Girl by the Window |
1893 |
Study of a Model |
1893 |
Separation |
1893 |
Woman with Red Hat |
1893-94 |
Symbolic Study |
1893-94 |
Portrait of a Man |
1893-94 |
Woman's head against a red Background |
1893-94 |
Self-Portrait under the Mask of a Woman |
1893 |
Seated Nude and Grotesque Masque |
1893 |
Sunrise in the Harbour |
1893-94 |
Rosa and Amelie |
1893 |
Sunrise in Åsgårdstrand |
1893-94 |
Summer Night |
1893 |
Melancholy |
1893 |
Death at the Helm |
1893 |
Summer Night. Mermaid |
1893 |
Summer Night's Dream. The Voice |
1893 |
Starry Night |
1893 |
Starry Night |
1893 |
Moonlight |
1893 |
House in Moonlight |
1893-95 |
The Storm |
1893 |
Death and Spring |
1893 |
The Angel of Death |
1893 |
By the Deathbed. Fever |
1893 |
Death in the Sickroom |
1893 |
Death in the Sickroom |
1893 |
Death in the Sickroom |
1893 |
Vampire |
1893 |
The Scream |
1893 |
The Scream |
1893 |
Vampire |
1893 |
Vampire |
1893 |
The Hands |
1893-94 |
Dagny Juel Przybyszewska |
1893 |
Helge Bäckström |
1893 |
Minchen Torkildsen |
1893 |
Ragnhild Bäkström |
1894 |
Botho Graf Schwerin |
1894 |
Ebehard von Bodenhausen |
1894 |
Julius Meier-Graefe |
1894 |
Separation |
1894 |
Death and Life |
1894 |
Puberty |
1894 |
Puberty |
1894-95 |
The Day After |
1894 |
Vampire |
1894 |
Selma Fontheim |
1894 |
Selma Fontheim |
1894 |
Nora Mengelberg |
1894 |
Ludvig Meyer's Children |
1894 |
Stanislaw Przybyszewski |
1894 |
Inger in a Red Dress |
1894 |
Bathing Women |
1894 |
Bathers |
1894 |
Bathing Boys |
1894 |
Melancholy |
1894 |
Melancholy |
1894-96 |
Woman. Sphinx |
1894 |
Woman |
1894 |
Anxiety |
1894 |
Despair |
1894 |
Madonna |
1894 |
Madonna |
1894-95 |
Madonna |
1895 |
Madonna |
1895-97 |
Madonna |
1895-97 |
Berlin Model |
1895 |
Cabaret |
1895 |
The Scream |
1895 |
Vampire |
1895 |
The Smell of Death |
1895 |
The Smell of Death |
1895 |
At the Deathbed |
1895 |
Vampire |
1895 |
Ashes |
1895 |
Jealousy |
1895 |
Beach in Åsgårdstrand |
1895 |
Moonlight |
1895 |
Self-Portrait with Cigarette |
1895 |
Stanislaw Przybyszewski |
1895 |
Oscar and Ingeborg Heiberg |
1895-96 |
Half-Nude in a Black Skirt |
1896 |
Study of a Nude |
1896 |
Young Woman Washing herself |
1896 |
Seated Nude against a Red Background |
1896 |
Seated Nude with her Back Turned |
1896 |
The Mermaid |
1896 |
Summer Landscape |
1896 |
The Sick Child |
1896 |
Separation |
1896 |
Summer Night. The Voice |
1896 |
The Girl by the Window |
1896-97 |
Bathing Woman |
1896-97 |
The Kiss |
1896-97 |
Women in a Swimming Pool |
1896-97 |
Paul Herrmann and Paul Contard |
1897 |
The Kiss |
1897 |
The Kiss |
1897 |
Inheritance |
1897-99 |
Women in Hospital |
1897 |
Mother and Daughter |
1897-99 |
Two Women in a Landscape |
1897-99 |
Old Man with a Beard |
1897-99 |
Brothel Scene |
1897-99 |
Hospital Ward |
1897-99 |
Bathing Boys |
1897-98 |
Bathing Boys |
1897-99 |
Bathing Girls |
1897-99 |
Bathing Children |
1897-99 |
Bathing Boys |
1897-99 |
Autumn |
1897-98 |
Marie Helene Holmboe |
1898 |
Female Portrait |
1898-99 |
Dark-Haired Man and Red-Haired Woman |
1898-99 |
Holger Drachmann |
1898 |
Henrik Ibsenat theGrand Café |
1898 |
Study of a Model |
1898 |
Half-Nude in a Blue Skirt |
1898 |
Nude |
1898 |
Nude |
1898 |
Two Women. Symbolic Study |
1898 |
Sitting Nude by the Beach |
1898 |
Man and Woman |
1898 |
Nude in Profile towards the Right |
1898 |
Metabolism |
1898-99 |
Tulla Larsen |
1898-99 |
Tulla Larsen |
1898-99 |
Father and Son |
1898 |
Seated Nude and Three Male Heads |
1898-99 |
Tragedy |
1898 |
Jealousy in the Bath |
1898 |
Beach |
1898 |
The Rainbow |
1898 |
Woman by the Sea in Åsgardstrand |
1898 |
House with Red Virginia Creeper |
1898-99 |
House with Red Virginia Creeper |
1898-99 |
Red Virginia Creeper |
1898-1900 |
The Son |
1904 |
The Coffin is Carried Out |
1898-1900 |
Boulevard in Paris |
1898-1900 |
Winter |
1899-1900 |
Winter in the Woods, Nordstrand |
1899 |
Death and the Child |
1899 |
Death and the Child |
1899 |
Landscape |
1899 |
The Garden |
1899 |
Munch's House and Studio in Åsgardstrand |
1899 |
Munch's House in Åsgårdstrand |
1899 |
Dark Spruce Forest |
1899 |
个人生活
挪威表现主义画家、版画复制匠。[9]
人物评价
爱德华·蒙克(3)蒙克多以生命、死亡、恋爱、恐怖和寂寞等为题材，用对比强烈的线条、色块、简洁概括夸张的造型，抒发自己的感受和情绪；他的画风是德国和中欧的表现主义形成的前奏。
在蒙克的画家生涯中，他多次曾改变艺术风格。在1880年代，蒙克是自然派（比如《汉斯·耶格的肖像》）和半印象派（见《拉法耶特大街》）。1892年，蒙克树立了具个人特色的综合派原始画风（比如《忧郁》），在此色彩成为一种象征，亦是种具有承载功能的元素（比方说《呐喊》）。1890年代，蒙克倾向选择景深较浅的作画空间，他经常把画中的人物安置在前台。
蒙克一直想表现人物的内心的心理状态，出现在他画中的人物呈现了最能表现这种状态的姿势（见《灰烬》），这种安排让蒙克的画带来一种好像人物、空气、记忆、动作和时间在一霎刹那间凝固的感觉，那也许正是人物内心活动达到顶峰的一瞬间。
蒙克所画的人物，犹如舞台剧的各个角色（就像《病室里的死亡》），很可能每种特定的姿势就代表一种特定情绪，类似于某种身体语言。由于蒙克所画的人物都承担着表现一种特定心理状态的使命（以《呐喊》为最有名），所以他创造的男人和女人不是现实的。蒙克坚称，印象派并不适合于自己的艺术。他对描写现实的任意一个断面也不感兴趣，他要描写的是那种充满了情绪内涵的，且具有巨大的传神力的状态。为了达到这个目的，蒙克殚精竭虑地构思，他的作品创造了紧张气氛。
社会影响
爱德华·蒙克是画家雅各布·爱德华·蒙克和历史学家彼得·安德烈·爱德华·蒙克的亲戚。母亲劳拉在1868年死于肺结核，母亲死后小爱德华·蒙克由父亲克里斯蒂安·爱德华·蒙克单独抚养。父亲是位医生，笃信基督教。幼年丧母，姐姐被肺病夺去生命，妹妹患精神病，童年时代的不幸对其一生的创作有深刻的影响。[10]
作品找回
爱德华·蒙克爱德华·蒙克（1863－1944)[11],是19世纪末至20世纪初具有世界声誉的挪威艺术家，西方表现主义绘画艺术的先驱。他在自己漫长的一生中,创作了大量带有强烈悲剧意味和感情色彩、描写人类真实心灵的美术作品。[12]
蒙克所描绘的世界是，是人类复杂的精神世界，他刻意表现死亡、忧郁和孤独，描写上世纪末的艺术家在充满矛盾与痛苦的现实中，其孤独的心灵对人生产生的怀疑和焦虑。
蒙克曾说过：“我要描写的是那种触动我心灵的眼睛的线条和色彩。我不是画我所见到的东西，而是画我所经历的东西。”又说：“我决不描绘男人们看书、女人们结毛线之类的室内画。我一定要描绘有呼吸、有感觉，并在痛苦和爱情中生活的人们。”“通过人的神经、内心、头脑和眼睛所表现出来的绘画形象就是艺术”。
艺术史家称蒙克为“世纪末”的艺术家，因为他的作品反映了欧洲整整一代人的精神生活面貌。在蒙克生活的时代，再没有别的艺术能够像他那样深入到人的灵魂之中，把那心灵的美与丑一并展现给世人。也没有人敢于他那样赤裸裸地描写人类本能的丑恶，使善良与罪恶并存，让美丽与丑陋共生。
从画面上看，蒙克的作品充满“精神气息”，这对后来的艺术家产生了深远影响。表现主义绘画的主要特征在于“借夸张与扭曲的色彩、线条，丰富画面的表现力；在印象主义中得到充分表现的自然主义被放弃，而取其简化的手法，并注入更多的情感因素加以发挥”。表现主义艺术家反对以理性方式作画，认为这是违反精神的一种罪恶。蒙克完成于1893年的代表作《呐喊》举世闻名，关于这幅作品，蒙克自己有一段记述：“我和两个朋友一起去散步，太阳快要落山时，突然间，天空变得血一样的红，一阵忧伤涌上心头，我呆呆地伫立在栏杆旁。深蓝色的海湾和城市，是血与火的空间，朋友相继前行，我独自站在那里，突然感到不可名状的恐怖和战栗，我觉得大自然中仿佛传来一声震撼宇宙的呐喊。”奇特造型、动荡线条、燃烧的血红色彩云，以及象征死亡的黑色，表现出他的恐惧情感。作品中的人物是忧郁、惊恐、彷徨状态下丧魂失魄的幽灵；画面中扭曲的线条、神秘的色彩都具有鲜明的表现主义特征。
蒙克作于1900年的油画《生命之舞》，以舞蹈的瞬息来表达生活哲理。画面中人物和环境都有着深刻的象征意义：画面左边身着白色衣裙的姑娘和草地上生长的小花，象征青春、纯洁和美丽；中间一对拥抱起舞的男女象征燃烧着的爱情；右边一位身着黑色长裙的中年妇女，正陷入悲哀与失落之中。背景中还有不同的舞者被欲望所驱使，依然疯狂和激动。画家以不同心态的人物，形象地反映出人类欲望、成功与绝望的三个生命环节，以揭示生命的过程以及内心世界的变化。蒙克艺术的主要成就在于，对某种不确定的内心痛苦和抑郁情调绘画的研究。
作品鉴赏
历史发展
爱德华·蒙克的作品
在当时哲学和美学思潮影响下，他努力发掘人类心灵中的各种状况，表现疾病、死亡、绝望、情爱等主题。因此，他的创作有“心灵的现实主义”的称号。由于受到保守势力的攻击，很快被封闭，但对德国青年画家以很大的刺激，推动了表现主义运动的产生。
思想传播
爱德华·蒙克通过主题来表现他切身经历的对生存和死亡的感受。每一幅画都无与伦比地强烈地传达着画家的感觉和情绪，被描绘的具体对象的细节被简化，而情绪则被夸张，对象本身成为一种所要表现的情绪的载体，虽然它们依然还是具象的。这些画具有永恒的震慑心灵的力量。在这一切的背後，我们还可以看见那个“世纪末”的景象，那种迷途的欲望深渊和无法逃脱的死亡阴影的怪圈，生命的焦躁和无奈交织在一起。爱德华·蒙克作品的惊人表现力量来自于对艺术家内心世界的不加掩饰的忠实表达，爱德华·蒙克的画是用整个心灵来创作的。[10]
词条图册
爱德华·蒙克的作品2016年4月6日，挪威警方宣布找回于2009年失窃的该国表现主义画家和版画复制大师爱德华·蒙克之珍贵平版画作。一份警方发布的声明写道，这幅名为《历史学家》 的蒙克杰作现已追回，且完好无损。该画作生动刻画了一位与小男孩交谈的花白胡子长者，在案发时价值 24.4 万美元（约合人民币 177.29 万元）。艺术专家曾表示由于这件作品的知名度太高，案犯难以将其出手。[13]
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