曲艺表演

曲艺“说唱”时说、唱、做等多种表演方式及因素的统称.依表演方式不同，有坐着演、站着演和舞蹈表演三类.即所谓“坐唱”、“站唱”和“走唱”。依坐着演、站着演和舞蹈表演归纳，一般分成说功、唱功、做功三个部分.但在表演实践中这三种基本表演方式又同时综合运用.即说、唱，以及辅助“说唱”的表情、动作及舞蹈等，在曲艺艺术里均属“表演”范畴，而与单纯将表情动作视为“表演”的狭义表演概念有别.因为曲艺是以听觉审美为主的艺术.表演者用嘴巴进行的诵说及歌唱本身就是“表演”。曲艺的说功是指曲艺“说唱”表演时运用的说表技巧.说功在曲艺“说唱”中占主体地位，艺谚称之为“说为君，唱为臣”，“七分话白三分唱”。一般将说功归纳为７个方面：（１）吐字.即掌握正确的发音方法，同时字音要沉重打远，清晰准确.艺谚所谓“一字不到，听者发躁”，“咬字不真，犹如钝刀伤人”，即是指吐字必须讲究.（２）传神.指说表时描绘环境、制造情境、模拟人物要出效果，求逼真.“装文装武我自己，好似一台大戏”。（３）使噱.指制造类似相声的“包袱”和评弹的“噱头”那样的喜剧效果.做到幽默、滑稽、含蓄、隽永.“既出意料之外，又在情理之中”。（４）变口.指依据表演需要模仿学说不同时代、不同身份、不同年龄与性别，不同性格与地域的人的语气与语言亦即性格语言及方言.北方曲艺通常称为“倒口”，南方曲艺习称“乡谈”。（５）音响.指口技与音响模仿.如评弹的“八技”，评书里的“惊、炸”等即是.（６）贯口.指节奏感极强又具有一定戏剧性效果的说表.又称“串口”或“快口”。通常要求一气呵成，贯串到底.如相声中的绕口令、报地名之类节目的表演即是.从中可渲染演出气氛与效果，也能展示演员的功力.（７）批讲.指在叙述中进行评析议论的技巧.往往能从中透示表演者的思想水平与综合修养，包括临场发挥的功夫.曲艺的唱功是指演唱时的技巧运用.不仅要求“字正腔圆”、“按字行腔”，悦耳优美，更讲求韵味情感，尤其注重为内容的语言展示服务而不是喧宾夺主追求歌唱性.参见“曲艺音乐”。曲艺的做功，指表情动作与舞蹈特技等等辅助“说唱”表演的各种艺术技巧与手段.北方曲艺俗称“脸上”和“身上”，南方曲艺习称“面风”和“手面”。曲艺的做功，也可分成“手、眼、身、法、步”等几个方面.尤以“腿”、“手”最为重要.一般要求凝炼传神，不主张频繁零乱，即不影响观众的“听觉”接受.同时，各种技法要协调综合运用，艺谚所谓“口到、眼到、手到”。一切均需为口头的“说唱”表达服务，把握分寸，点到即止.如在苏州评弹中，其表演中做功的风格依动作幅度大小而分成“大开门”与“小开门”。一些节目里典型人物的性格化神情与动作，往往借鉴戏曲里表演的程式性动作.曲艺“说唱”是“一人多角”，“跳出跳入”，“转一个身十万八千里”，“换一副相老头成小孩”。因而其做功，又属“说法中现身”，写意性很强.曲艺做功的道具，或为手中自行伴奏的乐器，如鼓板、琵琶、木板、竹板等，或为扇子、醒木与手帕，通常随曲种不同而不同.一些伎艺性强的曲种还用三根木棒及“九子鞭”等作为道具. Opera "Rap," he said, singing, doing a variety of performing styles, and factors referred to. According to performance in different ways, there sat speech, speech and dance performances stood three. The so-called "sit sing", "stop singing" and "na, Chang put." Summarized according to performance skills, generally divided into that power, the singer, doing work in three parts. However, in practice, performing the basic performance of these three ways the integrated use of the same time. That said, sing, and supporting "rap" expression, movement and dance and so on, where folk arts are "performing" category, but not with the expression of pure movement as a "performance" is different from the narrow concept of performance. because the opera is based on auditory-based aesthetic art. performers chant carried out with the mouth that and the singing itself is a "performance." Cantonese operatic songs be said to refer to folk art, "rap" performance to say the table when you use skills. Be said to the Chinese operatic "Rap" and holds a dominant position, arts proverb called "said King and to sing for the Hill," "seven parts, then White one-third of singing. " Will generally be said to be grouped into seven areas: (1) articulation. That the way to master the correct pronunciation, while pronunciation is far to heavy to play, clear and accurate. Arts proverb so-called "word can not, the listener made impatient", "pronunciation is not true, if blunt instrument wounding ", which entails the articulation must pay attention to. (2) lifelike. means that the table depicts the environment, create scenarios, simulated characters to the effect, and seek realistic." loading text loading arms for myself, as if a Taiwan plays. " (3) to enable the amusement. Means the manufacture of a similar comic dialogues, the "burden" and the Pingtan's "gimmicks" like the comic effect. Be humorous, funny, subtle and Meaningful. "Not only by surprise, but also within reason." (4) change port. Refers to the need to imitate theory based on performances in different times, different identity, different age and gender, different regions of the human personality and the tone and language that is character languages and dialects. Northern folk art commonly referred to as "inverted mouth", Xi Southern folk art known as "township to talk about." (5) sound. Refers to vocal mimicry and sound imitation. Like Pingtan the "eight skills," storytelling where the "shock, deep-fried" and so on, that is. (6) consistent mouth. Refers to a very strong sense of rhythm, but also has a certain dramatic effect to say that the table . also known as "serial" or "fast mouth." Usually requires one go, runs through in the end. Such as the comic dialogue in the tongue-twisters, reported names of the type of program performance that is. From which the atmosphere and effect of rendering performance, but also demonstrate the skill of actors. (7) granted speak. Refers to a critical analysis of narrative discussion skills. tend to show the performers from the penetration of the ideological level and synthesis of self-cultivation, including the spot to play in martial arts. Quyi when the singer is singing the skills to use. not only requires "pronunciation was clear," "according to the word-line cavity," sweet and beautiful, more emphasis on flavor emotions, with particular emphasis on the language of the content display services, rather than overwhelming and the pursuit of singing sex. See the "folk music." Quyi's doing work that expression of movement and dance, special effects, and so assistance "rap" performing a variety of artistic techniques and means. North opera known as "face" and "body", the South folk Xi called "surface wind" and "hand-side" . Quyi's doing work, but also can be divided into "hands, eyes, body, method, step by step" and other aspects. Especially the "legs", "hand" the most important. The general requirements concisely expressive, does not advocate frequent disorder, that does not affect the audience The "hearing" accept. In addition, a variety of techniques to coordinate the integrated use of Arts and proverb so-called "mouth, Yan Dao, hand to." Everything ought to be oral, "Rap" express service, grasp the sense of proportion, point to the basis. As in Suzhou Pingtan, its performances do work style, according to the size range of motion is divided into the "big open" and "small door." Some shows, in typical characters of the character of expression and movement, often drawing on traditional opera performances where the program of action. Quyi "rap" is "one person, c.", "jump jump into," "turn a galaxy from the body," "for relative to the old man into a child. " Hence it is doing work, they are "saying the appearance," highly impressionistic. Quyi props do work, or for the hands of self-accompaniment instruments, such as the tympanic plate, pipa, wood, bamboo, etc., or for the fan, Peter Wood with a handkerchief, usually with different music and different. some of Kabuki art of song strong also used three kinds of stick and "nine sub-whip" and other props.