汽车维修实训教程：整车实训

汽车发动机构造与维修实训是汽车维修高级技能人才培养的一门专业实践技能训练课程。本书介绍了汽车发动机维修基础知识、发动机及其附件以及活塞连杆组与曲轴、油底壳与润滑系、汽缸盖与正时皮带及凸轮轴的拆装，气门间隙、汽缸盖、 喷油器、气门和气门座圈的检查检查与调整等。^[2]

第一章 保养与维护基础

001

项目一 汽车保养与维护注意事项及常见

误区......................................................001

一、保养与维护注意事项.............................001

二、保养与维护常见误区.............................002

项目二 汽车保养与维护的耗材..................004

一、燃油........................................................004

二、发动机润滑油........................................006

三、润滑脂.....................................................009

四、齿轮油.....................................................010

五、液力传动油.............................................012

六、液压油.....................................................012

七、制动液.....................................................013

八、防冻冷却液.............................................014

九、制冷剂.....................................................016

十、汽车轮胎.................................................017

项目三 汽车维护常用工量具.......................021

一、汽车保养维修常用工具及使用方法.....021

二、汽车保养维修常用量具及使用方法.....025

第二章 车身的保养与维护

031

项目一 汽车清洗.............................................031

一、概述.........................................................031

二、故障分析.................................................031

三、技术要求与标准.....................................031

四、实训教学目标.........................................031

五、实训器材.................................................031

六、实训操作安排.........................................031

七、实训操作注意事项.................................032

八、实训操作步骤.........................................032

九、思考与练习.............................................034

十、实训考评.................................................035

项目一 内室清洁.............................................036

一、概述.........................................................036

二、故障分析.................................................036

三、技术要求与标准.....................................036

四、实训教学目标.........................................036

五、实训器材.................................................037

六、实训操作安排.........................................037

七、实训操作注意事项.................................037

八、实训操作步骤.........................................037

九、思考与练习.............................................038

十、实训考评.................................................039

项目三 漆面打蜡.............................................040

一、概述.........................................................040

二、故障分析.................................................040

三、技术要求与标准.....................................040

四、实训教学目标.........................................040

五、实训器材.................................................040

六、实训操作安排.........................................041

七、实训操作注意事项.................................041

八、实训操作步骤.........................................041

九、思考与练习.............................................041

十、实训考评.................................................041

项目四 防爆膜的张贴....................................042

一、概述.........................................................042

二、作用.........................................................043

三、技术要求与标准.....................................043

VI

汽车维修实训教程—整车实训四、实训教学目标.........................................043

五、实训器材.................................................043

六、实训操作安排.........................................043

七、实训操作注意事项.................................044

八、实训操作步骤.........................................045

九、思考与练习.............................................045

十、实训考评.................................................046

项目五底盘装甲.............................................047

一、概述.........................................................047

二、故障分析.................................................047

三、技术要求与标准.....................................047

四、实训教学目标.........................................047

五、实训器材.................................................047

六、实训操作安排.........................................047

七、实训操作注意事项.................................047

八、实训操作步骤.........................................048

九、思考与练习.............................................048

十、实训考评.................................................049

项目六玻璃清洗液的检查与加注..............050

一、概述.........................................................050

二、故障分析.................................................050

三、技术要求与标准.....................................050

四、实训教学目标.........................................050

五、实训器材.................................................050

六、实训操作安排.........................................051

七、实训操作注意事项.................................051

八、实训操作步骤.........................................051

九、思考与练习.............................................052

十、实训考评.................................................052

第三章 发动机的保养与维护

053

项目一 润滑系统保养与维护实训..............053

任务一 机油油量的检查与添加.........................053

一、概述.........................................................053

二、故障分析.................................................054

三、技术要求与标准.....................................054

四、实训教学目标.........................................054

五、实训器材.................................................054

六、实训操作安排.........................................054

七、实训操作注意事项.................................054

八、实训操作步骤.........................................055

九、思考与练习.............................................057

十、实训考评.................................................058

任务二 机油与机油滤清器的检查与更换..........058

一、概述.........................................................058

二、故障分析.................................................059

三、技术要求与标准.....................................059

四、实训教学目标.........................................059

五、实训器材.................................................059

六、实训操作安排.........................................059

七、实训操作注意事项.................................059

八、实训操作步骤.........................................060

九、思考与练习.............................................063

十、实训考评.................................................063

任务三发动机润滑系统的清洁护理..................064

一、概述.........................................................064

二、故障分析.................................................064

三、技术要求与标准.....................................064

四、实训教学目标.........................................065

五、实训器材.................................................065

六、实训操作安排.........................................065

七、实训操作注意事项.................................065

八、实训操作步骤.........................................065

九、思考与练习.............................................068

十、实训考评.................................................069

项目二发动机冷却系统保养与维护实训

..............................................................070

任务一 防冻液的选择和添加.............................070

一、概述.........................................................070

二、故障分析.................................................071

三、技术要求与标准.....................................071

四、实训教学目标.........................................071

五、实训器材.................................................071

六、实训操作安排.........................................071

七、实训操作注意事项.................................072

八、实训操作步骤.........................................072

九、思考与练习.............................................074

十、实训考评.................................................074

VII

目 录

任务二 冷却液的检查与更换.............................074

一、概述.........................................................074

二、故障分析.................................................075

三、技术要求与标准.....................................075

四、实训教学目标.........................................075

五、实训器材.................................................075

六、实训操作安排.........................................075

七、实训操作注意事项.................................075

八、实训操作步骤.........................................076

九、思考与练习.............................................078

十、实训考评.................................................079

任务三 冷却系统的清洗......................................079

一、概述.........................................................079

二、故障分析.................................................080

三、技术要求与标准.....................................080

四、实训教学目标.........................................080

五、实训器材.................................................080

六、实训操作安排.........................................080

七、实训操作注意事项.................................081

八、实训操作步骤.........................................082

九、思考与练习.............................................085

十、实训考评.................................................085

任务四 冷却系统密封性的检测.........................085

一、概述.........................................................085

二、故障分析.................................................086

三、技术要求与标准.....................................086

四、实训教学目标.........................................086

五、实训器材.................................................086

六、实训操作安排.........................................086

七、实训操作注意事项.................................086

八、实训操作步骤.........................................087

九、思考与练习.............................................089

十、实训考评.................................................089

项目三 进排气系统保养与维护实训.........090

任务一空气滤清器的检查与更换.....................090

一、概述.........................................................090

二、故障分析.................................................090

三、技术要求与标准.....................................090

四、实训教学目标.........................................090

五、实训器材.................................................090

六、实训操作安排.........................................091

七、实训操作注意事项.................................091

八、实训操作步骤.........................................091

九、思考与练习.............................................093

十、实训考评.................................................093

任务二 节气门的清洗与拆装.............................094

一、概述.........................................................094

二、故障分析.................................................094

三、技术要求与标准.....................................094

四、实训教学目标.........................................094

五、实训器材.................................................094

六、实训操作安排.........................................094

七、实训操作注意事项.................................095

八、实训操作步骤.........................................095

九、思考与练习.............................................097

十、实训考评.................................................097

任务三曲轴箱通风装置的保养与维护..............097

一、概述.........................................................097

二、故障分析.................................................098

三、技术要求与标准.....................................098

四、实训教学目标.........................................098

五、实训器材.................................................098

六、实训操作安排.........................................098

七、实训操作注意事项.................................098

八、实训操作步骤.........................................099

九、思考与练习.............................................099

十、实训考评.................................................099

任务四 排气系统的保养与维护.........................100

一、概述.........................................................100

二、故障分析.................................................101

三、技术要求与标准.....................................101

四、实训教学目标.........................................101

五、实训器材.................................................101

六、实训操作安排.........................................101

七、实训操作注意事项.................................101

八、实训操作步骤.........................................101

九、思考与练习.............................................104

十、实训考评.................................................104

项目四点火系统保养与维护实训................105

任务一 火花塞的检查与更换...............................105

一、概述.........................................................105

VIII

汽车维修实训教程—整车实训二、故障分析.................................................105

三、技术要求与标准.....................................105

四、实训教学目标.........................................105

五、实训器材.................................................106

六、实训操作安排.........................................106

七、实训操作注意事项.................................106

八、实训操作步骤.........................................106

九、思考与练习.............................................109

十、实训考评.................................................109

任务二正时皮带的检查与调整.........................110

一、概述.........................................................110

二、故障分析.................................................110

三、技术要求与标准.....................................110

四、实训教学目标.........................................110

五、实训器材.................................................110

六、实训操作安排.........................................110

七、实训操作注意事项.................................110

八、实训操作步骤......................................... 111

九、思考与练习.............................................113

十、实训考评.................................................114

项目五燃油喷射系统保养与维护实训.....115

任务一 汽车燃料的选择与添加.........................115

一、概述.........................................................115

二、故障分析.................................................115

三、技术要求与标准.....................................115

四、实训教学目标.........................................116

五、实训器材.................................................116

六、实训操作安排.........................................116

七、实训操作注意事项.................................116

八、实训操作步骤.........................................117

九、思考与练习.............................................119

十、实训考评.................................................119

任务二 燃油滤芯的更换.....................................119

一、概述.........................................................119

二、故障分析.................................................120

三、技术要求与标准.....................................120

四、实训教学目标.........................................120

五、实训器材.................................................120

六、实训操作安排.........................................120

七、实训操作注意事项.................................120

八、实训操作步骤.........................................120

九、思考与练习.............................................122

十、实训考评.................................................122

任务三燃油系统的清洁护理.............................123

一、概述.........................................................123

二、故障分析.................................................123

三、技术要求与标准.....................................123

四、实训教学目标.........................................124

五、实训器材.................................................124

六、实训操作安排.........................................124

七、实训操作注意事项.................................124

八、实训操作步骤.........................................124

九、思考与练习.............................................126

十、实训考评.................................................126

任务四 喷油器的拆卸与清洗.............................127

一、概述.........................................................127

二、故障分析.................................................127

三、技术要求与标准.....................................127

四、实训教学目标.........................................127

五、实训器材.................................................127

六、实训操作安排.........................................128

七、实训操作注意事项.................................128

八、实训操作步骤.........................................128

九、思考与练习.............................................130

十、实训考评.................................................130

任务五 燃油压力的检查与测试.........................130

一、概述.........................................................130

二、故障分析.................................................130

三、技术要求与标准.....................................130

四、实训教学目标.........................................131

五、实训器材.................................................131

六、实训操作安排.........................................131

七、实训操作注意事项.................................131

八、实训操作步骤.........................................131

九、思考与练习.............................................133

十、实训考评.................................................133

项目六 汽油-液化石油气双燃料汽车供给

系统保养与维护实训.........................................134

一、概述.........................................................134

二、LPG供给系统的维护分类及维护周期.135

IX

目 录

三、实训教学目标.........................................135

四、实训器材.................................................135

五、实训操作安排.........................................135

六、实训操作注意事项.................................135

七、实训操作步骤.........................................136

八、思考与练习.............................................138

九、实训考评.................................................138

第四章 底盘保养与维护

139

项目一 转向系统保养与维护实训..............139

任务一动力转向机的检查与更换.....................139

一、概述.........................................................139

二、故障分析.................................................139

三、技术要求与标准.....................................140

四、实训教学目标.........................................140

五、实训器材.................................................140

六、实训操作安排.........................................140

七、实训操作注意事项.................................140

八、实训操作步骤.........................................140

九、思考与练习.............................................142

十、实训考评.................................................142

任务二 转向机的拆卸、更换与调整..................143

一、概述.........................................................143

二、故障分析.................................................143

三、技术要求与标准.....................................143

四、实训教学目标.........................................143

五、实训器材.................................................144

六、实训操作安排.........................................144

七、实训操作注意事项.................................144

八、实训操作步骤.........................................144

九、思考与练习.............................................146

十、实训考评.................................................146

任务三 助力泵的检查与调整.............................147

一、概述.........................................................147

二、故障分析.................................................147

三、技术要求与标准.....................................147

四、实训教学目标.........................................147

五、实训器材.................................................148

六、实训操作安排.........................................148

七、实训操作注意事项.................................148

八、实训操作步骤.........................................148

九、思考与练习.............................................149

十、实训考评.................................................149

项目二 传动系统保养与维护实训..............150

任务一手动变速器油的检查与更换..................150

一、概述.........................................................150

二、故障分析.................................................150

三、技术要求与标准.....................................150

四、实训教学目标.........................................150

五、实训器材.................................................150

六、实训操作安排.........................................151

七、实训操作注意事项.................................151

八、实训操作步骤.........................................151

九、思考与练习.............................................153

十、实训考评.................................................153

任务二自动变速器油的检查与更换..................154

一、概述.........................................................154

二、故障分析.................................................154

三、技术要求与标准.....................................154

四、实训教学目标.........................................155

五、实训器材.................................................155

六、实训操作安排.........................................155

七、实训操作注意事项.................................155

八、实训操作步骤.........................................155

九、思考与练习.............................................157

十、实训考评.................................................157

任务三离合器总泵与分泵的检查与维修..........158

一、概述.........................................................158

二、故障分析.................................................159

三、技术要求与标准.....................................159

四、实训教学目标.........................................159

五、实训器材.................................................159

六、实训操作安排.........................................159

七、实训操作注意事项.................................159

八、实训操作步骤.........................................160

九、思考与练习.............................................161

十、实训考评.................................................161

任务四汽车离合器的检查与调整.....................162

一、概述.........................................................162

X

汽车维修实训教程—整车实训二、故障分析.................................................162

三、技术要求与标准.....................................162

四、实训教学目标.........................................163

五、实训器材.................................................163

六、实训操作安排.........................................163

七、实训操作步骤.........................................163

八、思考与练习.............................................164

九、实训考评.................................................164

任务五离合器压盘和从动盘的更换与调整......164

一、概述.........................................................164

二、故障分析.................................................165

三、技术要求与标准....................................165

四、实训教学目标.........................................165

五、实训器材.................................................165

六、实训操作安排.........................................165

七、实训操作注意事项.................................165

八、实训操作步骤.........................................166

九、思考与练习.............................................167

十、实训考评.................................................167

项目三 制动系统保养与维护实训..............168

任务一 制动液的检查与加注.............................168

一、概述.........................................................168

二、故障分析.................................................168

三、技术要求与标准.....................................168

四、实训教学目标.........................................169

五、实训器材.................................................169

六、实训操作安排.........................................169

七、实训操作注意事项.................................169

八、实训操作步骤.........................................169

九、思考与练习.............................................171

十、实训考评.................................................171

任务二制动踏板自由行程的检查.....................171

一、概述.........................................................171

二、故障分析.................................................172

三、技术要求与标准.....................................172

四、实训教学目标.........................................172

五、实训器材.................................................172

六、实训操作安排.........................................172

七、实训操作注意事项.................................172

八、实训操作步骤.........................................172

九、思考与练习.............................................174

十、实训考评.................................................174

任务三驻车制动器的检查与调整.....................174

一、概述.........................................................174

二、故障分析.................................................174

三、技术要求与标准.....................................175

四、实训教学目标.........................................175

五、实训器材.................................................175

六、实训操作安排.........................................175

七、实训操作注意事项.................................175

八、实训操作步骤.........................................175

九、思考与练习.............................................177

十、实训考评.................................................177

任务四盘式制动器制动片的检查与更换..........177

一、概述.........................................................177

二、故障分析.................................................177

三、技术要求与标准.....................................177

四、实训教学目标.........................................178

五、实训器材.................................................178

六、实训操作安排.........................................178

七、实训操作注意事项.................................178

八、实训操作步骤.........................................178

九、思考与练习.............................................180

十、实训考评.................................................180

任务五盘式制动器制动盘的检查与更换..........180

一、概述.........................................................180

二、故障分析.................................................181

三、技术要求与标准.....................................181

四、实训教学目标.........................................181

五、实训器材.................................................181

六、实训操作安排.........................................181

七、实训操作注意事项.................................182

八、实训操作步骤.........................................182

九、思考与练习.............................................184

十、实训考评.................................................184

任务六鼓式制动器的拆卸、检查与维修..........184

一、概述.........................................................184

二、故障分析.................................................184

三、技术要求与标准.....................................185

四、实训教学目标.........................................185

XI

五、实训器材.................................................185

六、实训操作安排.........................................185

七、实训操作注意事项.................................185

八、实训操作步骤.........................................186

九、思考与练习.............................................188

十、实训考评.................................................188

任务七真空助力器的检查与维修.....................188

一、概述.........................................................188

二、故障分析.................................................189

三、技术要求与标准.....................................189

四、实训教学目标.........................................189

五、实训器材.................................................189

六、实训操作安排.........................................189

七、实训操作注意事项.................................190

八、实训操作步骤.........................................190

九、思考与练习.............................................192

十、实训考评.................................................192

任务八制动总泵的检查与维修.........................192

一、概述.........................................................192

二、故障分析.................................................193

三、技术要求与标准.....................................193

四、实训教学目标.........................................193

五、实训器材.................................................193

六、实训操作安排.........................................193

七、实训操作注意事项.................................193

八、实训操作步骤.........................................194

九、思考与练习.............................................196

十、实训考评.................................................196

项目四 行驶系统保养与维护实训..............197

任务一 轮胎的检查与调换.................................197

一、概述.........................................................197

二、故障分析.................................................197

三、技术要求与标准.....................................197

四、实训教学目标.........................................197

五、实训器材.................................................198

六、实训操作安排.........................................198

七、实训操作注意事项.................................198

八、实训操作步骤.........................................198

九、思考与练习.............................................200

十、实训考评.................................................200

任务二 减振器的检查与更换.............................201

一、概述.........................................................201

二、故障分析.................................................201

三、技术要求与标准.....................................202

四、实训教学目标.........................................202

五、实训器材.................................................202

六、实训操作安排.........................................202

七、实训操作注意事项.................................202

八、实训操作步骤.........................................203

九、思考与练习.............................................206

十、实训考评.................................................207

任务三 轮胎螺栓的更换.....................................207

一、概述.........................................................207

二、故障分析.................................................207

三、技术要求与标准.....................................207

四、实训教学目标.........................................207

五、实训器材.................................................207

六、实训操作安排.........................................208

七、实训操作注意事项.................................208

八、实训操作步骤.........................................208

九、思考与练习.............................................209

十、实训考评.................................................209

任务四 轮胎与车轮的修理.................................210

一、概述.........................................................210

二、故障分析.................................................211

三、技术要求与标准.....................................211

四、实训教学目标.........................................211

五、实训器材.................................................211

六、实训操作安排.........................................211

七、实训操作注意事项.................................211

八、实训操作步骤.........................................212

九、思考与练习.............................................213

十、实训考评.................................................214

任务五 车轮动平衡检验.....................................214

一、概述.........................................................214

二、故障分析.................................................214

三、技术要求与标准.....................................215

四、实训教学目标.........................................215

五、实训器材.................................................215

六、实训操作安排.........................................215

汽车维修实训教程—整车实训

XII

七、实训操作注意事项.................................215

八、实训操作步骤.........................................216

九、思考与练习.............................................216

十、实训考评.................................................216

任务六四轮定位仪的使用.................................217

一、概述.........................................................217

二、故障分析.................................................218

三、技术要求与标准.....................................218

四、实训教学目标.........................................218

五、实训器材.................................................218

六、实训操作安排.........................................218

七、实训操作注意事项.................................219

八、实训操作步骤.........................................219

九、思考与练习.............................................222

十、实训考评.................................................222

第五章 电器设备、空调的保养与维护223

项目一 发电机、空调压缩机与助力泵传动带的检查与更换......................................................223

一、概述.........................................................223

二、故障分析.................................................223

三、技术要求与标准.....................................223

四、实训教学目标.........................................223

五、实训器材.................................................223

六、实训操作安排.........................................224

七、实训操作注意事项.................................224

八、实训操作步骤.........................................224

九、思考与练习.............................................226

十、实训考评.................................................226

项目二 蓄电池的定期维护与检查..............227

一、概述.........................................................227

二、故障分析.................................................227

三、技术要求与标准.....................................227

四、实训教学目标.........................................228

五、实训器材.................................................228

六、实训操作安排.........................................228

七、实训操作注意事项.................................228

八、实训操作步骤.........................................229

九、思考与练习.............................................232

十、实训考评.................................................232

项目三 汽车雨刮器片的检查与更换.........233

一、概述.........................................................233

二、故障分析.................................................233

三、技术要求与标准.....................................233

四、实训教学目标.........................................233

五、实训器材.................................................234

六、实训操作安排.........................................234

七、实训操作注意事项.................................234

八、实训操作步骤.........................................234

九、思考与练习.............................................235

十、实训考评.................................................235

项目四汽车空调系统的保养与维护.........236

一、概述.........................................................236

二、汽车空调的日常维护.............................237

三、实训教学目标.........................................237

四、实训器材.................................................237

五、实训操作安排.........................................237

六、实训操作注意事项.................................238

七、实训操作步骤.........................................238

八、思考与练习.............................................252

九、实训考评.................................................253

第六章 保养与维护综合项目工艺规范254

一、新车车体保养与维护.............................254

二、走合期的保养与维护.............................254

三、长期停放车辆的保养与维护.................256

四、日常保养与维护.....................................257

五、一级保养与维护.....................................260

六、二级保养与维护.....................................262^[3]