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点金圣手
How Manual Transmissions Workby Marshall BrainIf you drive a stick-shift car, then you may have several questions floating in your head.How does the funny "H" pattern that I am moving this shift knob through have any relation to the gears inside the transmission? What is moving inside the transmission when I move the shifter? When I mess up and hear that horrible grinding sound, what is actually grinding? What would happen if I were to accidentally shift into reverse while I am speeding down the freeway? Would the entire transmission explode? In this article, we'll answer all of these questions and more as we explore the interior of a manual transmission.Cars need transmissions because of the physics of the gasoline engine. First, any engine has a redline -- a maximum rpm value above which the engine cannot go without exploding. Second, if you have read How Horsepower Works, then you know that engines have narrow rpm ranges where horsepower and torque are at their maximum. For example, an engine might produce its maximum horsepower at 5,500 rpm. The transmission allows the gear ratio between the engine and the drive wheels to change as the car speeds up and slows down. You shift gears so the engine can stay below the redline and near the rpm band of its best performance.Photo courtesy DaimlerChryslerMercedes-Benz Actros, manual transmission. See more transmission pictures.Ideally, the transmission would be so flexible in its ratios that the engine could always run at its single, best-performance rpm value. That is the idea behind the continuously variable transmission (CVT).A CVT has a nearly infinite range of gear ratios. In the past, CVTs could not compete with four-speed and five-speed transmissions in terms of cost, size and reliability, so you didn't see them in production automobiles. These days, improvements in design have made CVTs more common. The Toyota Prius is a hybrid car that uses a CVT.The transmission is connected to the engine through the clutch. The input shaft of the transmission therefore turns at the same rpm as the engine.
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feifanqipe
1、分动器是一齿轮传动系,其输入轴直接或通过万向传动装置与变速器的第二轴相联,输出轴则有若干,分别经万向传动装置与各驱动桥连接;当分动器挂入低速档时,其输出转距较大.为避免中后桥超载前桥必须参加驱动,分担一部分载荷.因此分动器操纵机构必须保证:非先接上前桥,不得挂入低速档;非先退出低速档,不得摘下前桥.装有分动器的汽车,当全部车轮驱动行驶于不平路面或弯道上,或前后驱动轮由于轮胎磨损而半径不等的情况行驶时,将引起发动机功率消耗、轮胎或传动系零件磨损.为克服这一缺点,将转矩大体根据轴荷比例分配给各驱动桥,有些分动器还装有带差速锁的非对称行星齿轮轴间差速器.
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