基本粒子及其相互作用:概念和唯象论

书 名: 基本粒子及其相互作用:概念和唯象论作　者：金广浩

出版社： 世界图书出版公司

出版时间： 2010年4月1日

ISBN: 9787510004858

开本： 16开

定价: 79.00元

《基本粒子及其相互作用:概念和唯象论》内容简介：The last few decades have seen major advances in the physics of elementary particles. New generations of particle accelerators and detectors have come into operation, and have successfully contributed to improving the quantity and quality of data on diverse interaction processes and to the discoveries of whole new families of particles. At the same time, important new ideas have emerged in quantum field theory, culminating in the developments of theories for the weak and strong interactions to complement quantum electrodynam-ics, the theory of the electromagnetic force. The simplest of the new theories that are at the same time mathematically consistent and physically successful constitute what is known as the standard model of the fundamental interac-tions. This book is an attempt to present these remarkable advances at an elementary level, making them accessible to students familiar with quantum mechanics, special relativity, and classical electrodynamics.

作者：（加拿大）金广浩 Quang Ho-Kim Pham Xuan Yem

1 Particles and Interactions：An Overview

1．1 A Preview

1．2 Particles

1．2．1 Leptons

1．2．2 Quarks

1．2．3 Hadrons

1．3 Interactions

1．4 Symmetries

1．5 Physical Units

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

2 B080n Fields

2．1 Lorentz Symmetry

2．1．1 Lorentz TraIlsformations

2．1．2 Tensor Algebra

2．1．3 llensor Fields

2．2 Scalar Fields

2．2．1 Space-Time Translation of a Scalar Field

2．2．2 Lorentz Transformation of a Scalar Field

2．3 Vector Fields

2．4 The Klein-Gordon Equation

2．4．1 Free-Patticle Solutions

2．4．2 Particle Probability

2．4．3 Second Quantization

2．4．4 Operator Algebra

2．4．5 Physical Significance of the Fock Operators

2．5 Quantized Vector Fields

2．5．1 Maesive Vector Fields

2．5．2 The Maxwell Equations

2．5．3 Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field

2．5．4 Field Energy and Momentum

2．6 The Action

2．6．1 The Euler-Lagrange Equation

2．6．2 Conserved Current

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

3 Fermion Fields

3．1 The Dirac Equation

3．2 Lorentz Symmetry

3．2．1 Covariance of the Dirac Equation

3．2．2 Spin of the Dirac Field

3．2．3 Bilinear Covariants

3．3 Free．Particle Solutions

3．3．1 Normalized Spinors

3．3．2 Completeness Relations

3．3．3 Helicities

3．4 The Lagrangian for a Free Dirac Particle

3．5 Quantization of the Dirac Field

3．5．1 Spins and Statistics

3．5．2 Dirac Field Observables

3．5．3 F0ck Space

3．6 Zero-Mass Fermions

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

4 Collisions and Decays

4．1 Interaction Representation

4．1．1 The Three Pictures

4．1．2 Time E：volution in the Interaction Picture

4．1．3 The S．matrix

4．2 Cross．Sections and Decay Rares

4．2．1 General Formulas

4．2．2 Two-Body Reaction to Two-Body Final States

4．2．3 Decay Rates

4．3 Interaction Models

4．4 Decay Modes of Scalar Particles

4．4．1 Neutral Decay Mode

4．4．2 Charged Decay Mode

4．5 Pion Scattering

4．5．1 The Scalar Boson Propagator

4．5．2 Scattering Processes

4．5．3 Summary and Generalization

4．6 Electron-Proton Scattering

4．6．1 The Electromagnetic Interaction

4．6．2 Electron-Proton Scattering Cross-Section

4．7 Electron-Positron Annihilation

4．8 Compton Scattering

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

5 Discrete Symmetries

5．1 Parity

5．1．1 Parity in Quantum Mechanics

5．1．2 Parity in Field Theories

5．1.3 Parity and Interactions

5．2 Time Inversion

5．2．1 Time Inversion in Quantum Mechanics

5．2．2 Time Inversion in Field Theories

5．2．3丁and Interactions

5．3 Charge Conjugation

5．3．1 Additive Quantum Numbers

5．3．2 Charge Conjugation in Field Theories

5．3．3 Interactions

5．4 The CPT Theorem

5．4．1 Implications of CPT Invariance

5．4．2 C．P，T．and CPT

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

6 Hadtons and Isospln

6．1 Charge Symmetry and Charge Independence

6．2 Nucleon Field in Isospin Space

6．3 Pion Field in Isospin Space

6．4 G．Parity

6．4．1 Nucleon and Pion Fields

6．4．2 Other Unflavored Hadrons

6．5 Isospin of Strange Particles

6．6 Isospin Violations

6．6．1 Electromagnetic Interactions

6．6．2 Wlealc Interactions

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

7 Quarks and SU(3)Symmetry

7．1 Isospin：SU(2) Symmetry

7．2 Hypercharge：SU(31 Symmetry

7．2．1 The Fundamental Representation

7．2．2 Higher．Dimensional Representations

7．2．3 Physical Significance of F3 and F3

7．2．4 3×3*Equal Mesons

7．2．5 3×3×3 Equal Baryons

7．3 Mass Splitting of the Hadron Multiplets

7．3．1 Baryons

7．3．2 Mesons

7．4 Including Spin：SU(6)

7．4．1 Mesons

7．4．2 Baryons

7．4．3 Application：Magnetic Moments of Hadrons

7．5 The Color of Quarks

7．6 The New Particles

7．6．1 J／tf，and Charm

7．6．2 The TaU Lepton

7．6．3 From Bottom to ToP

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

8 Gauge Field Theories

8．1 Symmetries and Interactions

8．2 Abelian Gauge Invariance

8．3 Non．Abelian Gauge Invariance

8．4 Quantum Chromodynamics

8．5 Spontaneous Breaking of Global Symmetries

8．5．1 The Basic Idea

8．5．2 Breakdown ofDiscrete Symmetry

8．5．3 Breakdown of Abelian Symmetry

8．5．4 Breakdown of Non-Abelian Symmetry

8．6 Spontaneous Breaking ofLocal Symmetries

8．6．1 Abelian Symmetry

8．6．2 Non．Abelian Symmetry

Problems

Suggestions for Further Reading

9 The Standard Model of the Electroweak Interaction

9．1 The Wleak Interaction Before the Gauge Theories

9．2 Gauge．Invariant Model of One．Lepton Family

9．2．1 Global Symmetry

9．2．2 Gauge Invariance

……

《基本粒子及其相互作用:概念和唯象论》是世界图书出版公司出版的。

The last few decades have seen major advances in the physics of elementary particles. New generations of particle accelerators and detectors have come into operation, and have successfully contributed to improving the quantity and quality of data on diverse interaction processes and to the discoveries of whole new families of particles. At the same time, important new ideas have emerged in quantum field theory, culminating in the developments of theories for the weak and strong interactions to complement quantum electrodynam-ics, the theory of the electromagnetic force. The simplest of the new theories that are at the same time mathematically consistent and physically successful constitute what is known as the standard model of the fundamental interac-tions. This book is an attempt to present these remarkable advances at an elementary level, making them accessible to students familiar with quantum mechanics, special relativity, and classical electrodynamics.
The main content of the book is roughly divided into two parts; one on theories to lay the foundation and the other on further developments of concepts and descriptions of phenomena to prepare the student for more advanced work. After a brief overview of the subject and a presentation of some basic ideas, two chapters which deal mostly with relativistic one-body wave equations, quantization of fields, and Lorentz invariance follow. In the spirit of the practical approach taken in this book, a heuristic derivation of the Feynman rules is given in the fourth chapter, where the student is shown how to calculate cross-sections and decay rates at the lowest order.The following chapter contains a discussion on discrete symmetries and the concept of symmetry breaking. Isospin is introduced next as the simplest example of internal symmetries in order to ease the reader into the notion of unitary groups in general and of SU(3) in particular, which is discussed next together with the recent discoveries of new particles. The next two chapters present the standard model of the fundamental interactions. We make contact with experiments in subsequent chapters with detailed studies of some fundamental electroweak processes, such as the deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering, the CP violation in the neutral K mesons, the neutrino oscillations and the related problem of the solar neutrino deficit, and finally,the r lepton decay, which touch upon many aspects of weak interactions. The very high precision of the data that is now attained in some of these processes requires a careful examination of higher-order effects. This leads to a detailed study of one-loop QCD corrections to weak interactions. The next chapter demonstrates the remarkable property of asymptotic freedom of quantum chromodynamics and introduces the powerful concept of the renormalization group which plays a central role in many phenomena. The heavy flavors of quarks, which pose new questions on several aspects of interactions and could open windows on the 'new' physics, form the subject of a separate chapter.We close with a review of the present status of the standard model and,briefly, of its extensions. Selected solutions to problems are given. Finally,important formulas are collected in an Appendix for convenient reference.