体感温度(3)这是因为其他与气候相关的状况,使空气和人体之间的热对流受到影响,从而使人感觉的度与实际有分别,因此又名表观气温。
体感温度(3)体感温度受风、湿度、日照、衣服颜色对百叶箱所测气温的影响,如果体感温度高于气温,表明上述各项因子共同对人体起到加温的作用,反之为降温的作用。
天气预报中的气温仅仅代表空气的冷暖程度,并不能完全表示出人体对环境的冷暖感受,但气温高低可以作为人体冷暖感受的一个参数,这也正是空气温度与体感温度的区别所在。[2]
在相同的气温条件下,人们还会因空气湿度、风速大小、着装颜色、日射甚至心情等的不同而产生不同的冷暖感受。例如在气温30℃的环境中,空气的相对湿度在40%-50%左右,平均风速在3米/秒以上时,人们就不会感到很热;然而在相同的温度条件下,相对湿度若增大到80%以上、风速很小时,人们就会产生闷热难熬的感觉,体弱者甚至会出现中暑。
北京市气象局吕伟林 1997 年提出了体感温度的经验计算公式, 涉及气温、人体着装颜色、天空云量( 即太阳辐射程度) 、空气湿度、风速 5 种气象要素, 公式如下:
T g = T a+ T r + T u- Tv
其中 Tg 为体感温度, Ta 为气温, Tr 为辐射作用对体感温度的修正, T u 为湿度对体感温度的修正, T v 为风速对体感温度的修正。
在同样温度情况下, 太阳辐射越强、人体感觉越热。 目前国内 普遍认可的辐射作用 对体感温度的修正有以下经验关系式: T r = 0. 42Ca ( 1- 0. 9M c) Ia
式中 Ca 为外衣对辐射的吸收能力, 一般外衣颜色越深, 吸收辐射能力越强、 体感增温越高。 尽管 Ca 的取值与地域差异无关, 但考虑到不同人着衣颜色爱好各异, 划分太细反而不利于实际计算, 因此, 从夏季多数人衣着颜色偏浅、冬季多数人衣着颜色偏深这一特点考虑, 夏半年( 5~10 月) Ca 定为 0. 4, 冬半年( 11~4 月) Ca 定为 0. 75。
M c 为云量系数, 云量越多, 辐射增温越弱。 一般晴天为 0. 0, 少云为 0. 3, 多云为 0. 7, 阴天为 1. 0 。
Ia 为辐射增温系数。
当气温适中时, 湿度对人体舒适度影响较小, 当气温偏高或偏低时, 湿度变化才对人体感觉产生影响。
美国科学家 Burton 等人对湿度与人体舒适的影响研究如下:
( 1) 当气温在 1 5. 5~20℃时, 无论相对湿度多大, 人体也会感觉舒适; 当气温在 21~27℃ 时, 相对湿度达到或超过 80%时, 人体散热量减退, 皮肤温度比低温环境下微微升高, 但人体仍能有舒适的感觉。
( 2) 当气温在 27. 1~32℃ 且静风时, 相对湿度在 70% 时, 人体皮肤温度稍有上升, 但非常不明显, 也属舒适的范围; 如果相对湿度超过 70% , 人体则感觉不适, 有湿热感, 但若有 2- 3级以上的风, 人体就能感觉舒适。
( 3) 当气温在 32. 1~35℃ , 静风或微风时, 如果相对湿度大于 60% , 人体就会感到闷热, 相对湿度小于 60% 人体则感到热。
( 4) 当气温在 35. 1 ℃以上, 相对湿度大于 60% , 无论风速大小, 人体均感到闷热; 气温在38℃以上时, 当相对湿度小于 60% 时, 人体感觉炎热; 气温在 38℃以上时, 当 相对湿度大于60% 时, 人体则感觉酷热。
Burton 等人 将以上研究结果进一步归纳为表 1。 以此作为修正的标准, 选择Tr 、T v 等于零的状态, 用 单因子替代法反复计算、订正, 最后确定出 T u 与相对湿度的对应关系如表 2。
从表 2 中可用 内差法得到任一相对湿度所对应的 Tu 值。[3]
风速对人体体温调节起着重要作用 , 它决定人体的对流散热, 并影响空气的蒸发力, 从而间接影响出汗的散热效率。 对流散热与气温有关, 而风速对蒸发力的影响则与相对湿度有关。
Lotz 和 Wezler 研究表明: 当气温低于人体皮肤温度时, 气流总是产生散热效果, 当气温高于皮肤温度时, 可对人体产生加热和散热两个相对的作用。 ( 1) 风速加大, 使空气与人体之间对流加强, 从而使人体加热; ( 2) 风速加大, 气流使人体表面蒸发力加大进而提高了 人体散热率。 当人体皮肤排汗散热率低于 100% 时, 风速加大, 气流增加的散热率大于对流对人体的加热值,正反两个作用 抵消, 人体净得为散热。 气流使人体皮肤由 排汗引起的潮湿逐渐变为干燥, 从而减轻了 人体皮肤出 汗潮湿引 起的人体感觉不适, 气流速度适宜的散热仅延续到皮肤变干为止。
当高温时, 气流速度超过某个特定值, 反而造成人体皮肤加热, 使人不舒服。
空气对热的吸收会受到相对湿度及其密度影响;而风速会影响到与人体表面可以接触到的空气的分量,当风速增加时,与人体所接触的空气会增加,所以其所带走或带来的热量亦相应地增加,这现象便是“风寒指数”。因此,在天气报告里,会把这两个变量带来的影响计算进“酷热指数”里。一般来说,当空气密度及湿度增加,都会使酷热指数增加。
冬季和夏季,人体对温度的感受是有所区别的,主要是人体通常环境的习惯性不同和空气湿度不同影响。
很冷,极不适应<4℃(红色)
冷,很不舒适4~8℃(黄色)
凉,不舒适8~13℃(蓝色)
凉爽,较舒适13~18℃
舒适,最可接受18~23℃
温暖,最可接受23~29℃
暖热,不舒适29~35℃(蓝色)
很冷(会冷死人),无法忍受13~18℃
冷(会生病),衣服穿很厚或钻在被子里,勉强可接受18~20℃
有点冷,加点衣服最可接受20~25℃
凉快,最舒适25-26℃
热,不舒适27~30℃
很热,需要空调或风扇30~33℃
过热,需要冲凉33~35℃
太热,需要频繁冲凉35~37℃
极热,会出人命了>37℃
这些都不是绝对的。
人有很多“感觉器官”,例如:眼、耳、皮肤......等等,就不一一列举了。其中“皮肤”和体感温度有着十分密切的联系。皮肤包括在外观感受器当中,外感受器包括:皮肤、粘膜......等等器官,接受来自外界环境的刺激,如触、压、切割、温度、光、声等物理刺激和化学刺激。
其中,人体用来感觉温度的器官,①在外周温度感受器是:皮肤和某些粘膜上的温度感受器,分为冷觉感受器和温觉感受器两种。②在内中枢温度感受器 :下丘脑、脑干网状结构和脊髓都有对温度变化敏感的神经元:在温度上升时冲动发放频率增加者,称温敏神经元;在温度下降时冲动发放频率增加者,称冷敏神经元。中枢温度感受器直接感受流经脑和脊髓的血液温度变化,并通过一定的神经联系,将冲动传到下丘脑体温调节中枢。
产生体感温度与实际温度感觉不相符的原因:
理由概况:体感温度是指人体感觉到的环境温度高低,主要考虑风、湿度、日照、衣服颜色对百叶箱所测气温的修正,如果体感温度高于气温,表明上述各项因子共同对人体起到加温的作用,反之为降温的作用。
①先是外界环境温度感觉由高到低(或是由低到高),才会让身体感觉到环境温度的变化,进而作出体温自我调节的过程,这中间存在一个时间差。【反映时间因素】
②分析发现在风力级数为四级的时候,体感温度有一个向下的波动。【风力因素】
③分析发现在相同的气温条件下,人们还会因空气湿度、风速大小、着装颜色、日射等的不同而产生不同的冷暖感受。 【客观原因】
④分析发现人的心情也能让体感温度与实际温度感觉不相符。【主观因素】
体感温度对照表 | ||||||||||||
(不同的相对湿度、风速、干球温度) | ||||||||||||
温度℃ | 湿度% | 风速FPM(1FPM=0.00508m/s) | ||||||||||
0 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | ||
0 | 0.254 | 0.508 | 0.761 | 1.015 | 1.269 | 1.523 | 1.777 | 2.03 | 2.284 | 2.538 | ||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
35.0 | 30 | 35.0 | 33.3 | 31.6 | 28.9 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.5 | 22.2 |
40 | 35.0 | 33.5 | 31.9 | 29.1 | 26.4 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 22.6 | 22.2 | |
50 | 35.0 | 33.6 | 32.2 | 29.4 | 26.6 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | 22.8 | 22.2 | |
60 | 36.7 | 35.3 | 33.9 | 31.2 | 28.6 | 27.6 | 26.6 | 25.7 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.1 | |
70 | 38.3 | 36.9 | 35.5 | 33.0 | 30.5 | 29.7 | 28.8 | 27.5 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 24.0 | |
80 | 40.0 | 38.6 | 37.2 | 34.4 | 31.6 | 30.8 | 30.0 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | |
34.3 | 30 | 34.3 | 32.6 | 30.9 | 28.4 | 25.8 | 24.8 | 23.7 | 23.1 | 22.6 | 22.2 | 21.9 |
40 | 34.3 | 32.8 | 31.2 | 28.6 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 24.0 | 23.5 | 22.9 | 22.4 | 21.9 | |
50 | 34.3 | 32.9 | 31.5 | 28.9 | 26.3 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.8 | 23.2 | 22.5 | 21.9 | |
60 | 36.0 | 34.6 | 33.2 | 30.7 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 23.7 | 22.8 | |
70 | 37.6 | 36.2 | 34.8 | 32.5 | 30.1 | 29.3 | 28.4 | 27.2 | 26.0 | 24.9 | 23.8 | |
80 | 39.3 | 38.0 | 36.7 | 33.9 | 31.2 | 30.3 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.7 | |
33.6 | 30 | 33.6 | 31.9 | 30.2 | 28.0 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 23.5 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 22.0 | 21.5 |
40 | 33.6 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 28.2 | 25.8 | 24.8 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.1 | 21.6 | |
50 | 33.6 | 32.2 | 30.8 | 28.5 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 24.1 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 22.3 | 21.7 | |
60 | 35.3 | 33.9 | 32.5 | 30.2 | 27.9 | 27.0 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.6 | |
70 | 36.9 | 35.5 | 34.1 | 31.9 | 29.7 | 28.9 | 28.0 | 27.0 | 25.8 | 24.7 | 23.5 | |
80 | 38.6 | 37.4 | 36.1 | 33.5 | 30.8 | 29.9 | 28.9 | 28.1 | 27.2 | 26.5 | 25.8 | |
32.9 | 30 | 32.9 | 31.2 | 29.5 | 27.5 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 21.2 |
40 | 32.9 | 31.4 | 29.8 | 27.7 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 23.7 | 23.2 | 22.6 | 21.9 | 21.3 | |
50 | 32.9 | 31.5 | 30.1 | 28.0 | 25.8 | 24.9 | 24.0 | 23.5 | 22.9 | 22.1 | 21.4 | |
60 | 34.6 | 33.2 | 31.8 | 29.6 | 27.6 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.3 | |
70 | 36.2 | 34.8 | 33.4 | 31.4 | 29.2 | 28.4 | 27.6 | 26.7 | 25.7 | 24.5 | 23.3 | |
80 | 37.9 | 36.7 | 35.6 | 33.0 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.8 | 27.2 | 26.6 | 26.0 | |
32.2 | 30 | 32.2 | 30.6 | 28.9 | 27.0 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 23.2 | 22.7 | 22.1 | 21.5 | 20.8 |
40 | 32.2 | 30.7 | 29.2 | 27.2 | 25.3 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 21.7 | 21.0 | |
50 | 32.2 | 30.8 | 29.4 | 27.5 | 25.5 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 21.9 | 21.1 | |
60 | 33.9 | 32.5 | 31.1 | 29.1 | 27.2 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 24.8 | 24.1 | 23.1 | 22.1 | |
70 | 35.5 | 34.1 | 32.7 | 30.8 | 28.8 | 28.0 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 24.3 | 23.0 | |
80 | 37.2 | 36.1 | 35.0 | 32.5 | 30.0 | 28.9 | 27.7 | 27.5 | 27.2 | 26.7 | 26.1 | |
31.5 | 30 | 31.5 | 29.9 | 28.2 | 26.5 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.0 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.5 |
40 | 31.5 | 30.0 | 28.5 | 26.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.3 | 20.6 | |
50 | 31.5 | 30.1 | 28.7 | 27.0 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 22.3 | 21.6 | 20.8 | |
60 | 33.1 | 31.7 | 30.4 | 28.6 | 26.9 | 26.0 | 25.2 | 24.5 | 23.8 | 22.9 | 22.0 | |
70 | 34.5 | 33.3 | 32.0 | 30.3 | 28.4 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 26.1 | 25.2 | 24.2 | 23.1 | |
80 | 36.2 | 35.2 | 34.2 | 31.9 | 29.7 | 28.6 | 27.4 | 27.1 | 26.7 | 26.1 | 25.5 | |
30.8 | 30 | 30.8 | 29.2 | 27.5 | 26.0 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.3 | 20.7 | 20.1 |
40 | 30.8 | 29.3 | 27.8 | 26.2 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 21.6 | 21.0 | 20.3 | |
50 | 30.8 | 29.4 | 28.0 | 26.5 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 20.6 | |
60 | 32.2 | 31.0 | 29.7 | 28.1 | 26.5 | 25.7 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 23.4 | 22.6 | 21.9 | |
70 | 33.6 | 32.5 | 31.4 | 29.7 | 28.0 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | 23.2 | |
80 | 35.3 | 34.3 | 33.3 | 31.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.7 | 26.1 | 25.5 | 25.0 | |
30.1 | 30 | 30.1 | 28.5 | 26.8 | 25.5 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.8 |
40 | 30.1 | 28.6 | 27.1 | 25.7 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 20.0 | |
50 | 30.1 | 28.7 | 27.3 | 26.0 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 21.5 | 20.9 | 20.3 | |
60 | 31.4 | 30.2 | 29.0 | 27.6 | 26.2 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 23.8 | 23.1 | 22.4 | 21.8 | |
70 | 32.6 | 31.6 | 30.7 | 29.2 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 25.9 | 25.4 | 24.7 | 24.0 | 23.2 | |
80 | 34.3 | 33.4 | 32.5 | 30.8 | 29.1 | 28.0 | 26.9 | 26.2 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 24.4 | |
29.4 | 30 | 29.4 | 27.8 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 19.4 |
40 | 29.4 | 27.9 | 26.4 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | |
50 | 29.4 | 28.0 | 26.6 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.0 | |
60 | 30.5 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.1 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 23.5 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.7 | |
70 | 31.6 | 30.8 | 30.0 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | |
80 | 33.3 | 32.5 | 31.6 | 30.2 | 28.8 | 27.7 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.8 | |
28.0 | 30 | 28.0 | 26.5 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 20.2 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.6 |
40 | 28.0 | 26.7 | 25.3 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 21.7 | 20.7 | 19.6 | 19.2 | 18.9 | |
50 | 28.0 | 26.8 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 20.0 | 19.6 | 19.2 | |
60 | 29.0 | 27.9 | 26.8 | 25.7 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.3 | 21.2 | 20.7 | 20.2 | |
70 | 30.0 | 29.0 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 25.8 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 21.8 | 21.2 | |
80 | 31.4 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.2 | 25.2 | 24.2 | 23.1 | 22.6 | 22.2 | |
27.3 | 30 | 27.3 | 25.9 | 24.4 | 23.3 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 20.9 | 19.7 | 18.4 | 18.3 | 18.1 |
40 | 27.3 | 26.0 | 24.7 | 23.6 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 20.1 | 18.9 | 18.7 | 18.4 | |
50 | 27.3 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 20.5 | 19.5 | 19.1 | 18.7 | |
60 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 23.4 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 19.4 | |
70 | 29.1 | 28.1 | 27.1 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 24.5 | 23.9 | 22.7 | 21.5 | 20.8 | 20.1 | |
80 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.4 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 24.5 | 23.3 | 22.1 | 21.7 | 21.3 | |
26.6 | 30 | 26.6 | 25.2 | 23.8 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 19.1 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.7 |
40 | 26.6 | 25.4 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 19.6 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 18.0 | |
50 | 26.6 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.3 | 22.2 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.3 | |
60 | 27.5 | 26.4 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 19.2 | 18.7 | |
70 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | 21.9 | 20.5 | 19.8 | 19.0 | |
80 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 20.8 | 20.5 | |
25.9 | 30 | 25.9 | 24.7 | 23.4 | 22.4 | 21.3 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 17.4 |
40 | 25.9 | 24.9 | 23.7 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 19.3 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 17.7 | |
50 | 25.9 | 25.0 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 19.7 | 18.6 | 18.2 | 17.9 | |
60 | 26.8 | 25.9 | 24.9 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 20.8 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 18.3 | |
70 | 27.6 | 26.7 | 25.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 21.7 | 20.4 | 19.6 | 18.8 | |
80 | 28.6 | 27.6 | 26.7 | 25.9 | 25.1 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.3 | 21.0 | 20.7 | 20.4 | |
25.3 | 30 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 22.1 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 18.6 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.2 |
40 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.4 | 21.4 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.0 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.3 | |
50 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.7 | 21.7 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 19.5 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 17.5 | |
60 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 20.5 | 19.3 | 18.6 | 18.0 | |
70 | 26.9 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 21.5 | 20.3 | 19.4 | 18.5 | |
80 | 27.8 | 27.0 | 26.1 | 25.4 | 24.7 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.1 | 20.8 | 20.5 | 20.3 | |
24.6 | 30 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.6 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 18.3 | 16.9 | 16.9 | 16.9 |
40 | 24.6 | 23.8 | 22.9 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 18.7 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 17.0 | |
50 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.3 | 21.4 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.2 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 17.0 | |
60 | 25.4 | 24.8 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.5 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 20.3 | 19.1 | 18.4 | 17.6 | |
70 | 26.2 | 25.6 | 24.8 | 24.3 | 23.6 | 23.1 | 22.5 | 21.3 | 20.1 | 19.2 | 18.3 | |
80 | 26.9 | 26.3 | 25.6 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 23.7 | 23.0 | 21.8 | 20.7 | 20.4 | 20.1 | |
23.9 | 30 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 18.0 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 |
40 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 18.4 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 16.6 | |
50 | 23.9 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | |
60 | 24.7 | 24.2 | 23.6 | 22.9 | 22.2 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.1 | 17.3 | |
70 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | |
80 | 26.1 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 20.0 | |
22.5 | 30 | 22.5 | 21.5 | 20.6 | 19.9 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 17.5 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 16.1 |
40 | 22.5 | 21.6 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 19.4 | 19.0 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 16.9 | 16.5 | 16.2 | |
50 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 18.1 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 16.4 | |
60 | 23.5 | 22.6 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 19.0 | 18.2 | 17.6 | 17.0 | |
70 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 21.0 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 19.2 | 18.4 | 17.9 | |
80 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.6 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 19.5 | 19.4 | |
21.1 | 30 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.3 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 15.5 |
40 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.5 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 15.8 | |
50 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 16.1 | |
60 | 22.2 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 16.7 | |
70 | 23.3 | 21.9 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 17.7 | |
80 | 24.4 | 23.0 | 21.6 | 20.8 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 |
体感温度对照表 | ||||||||||||
(不同的相对湿度、风速、干球温度) | ||||||||||||
温度℃ | 湿度% | 风速FPM(1FPM=0.00508m/s) | ||||||||||
0 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | ||
0 | 0.254 | 0.508 | 0.761 | 1.015 | 1.269 | 1.523 | 1.777 | 2.03 | 2.284 | 2.538 | ||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
35.0 | 30 | 35.0 | 33.3 | 31.6 | 28.9 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.5 | 22.2 |
40 | 35.0 | 33.5 | 31.9 | 29.1 | 26.4 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 22.6 | 22.2 | |
50 | 35.0 | 33.6 | 32.2 | 29.4 | 26.6 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | 22.8 | 22.2 | |
60 | 36.7 | 35.3 | 33.9 | 31.2 | 28.6 | 27.6 | 26.6 | 25.7 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.1 | |
70 | 38.3 | 36.9 | 35.5 | 33.0 | 30.5 | 29.7 | 28.8 | 27.5 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 24.0 | |
80 | 40.0 | 38.6 | 37.2 | 34.4 | 31.6 | 30.8 | 30.0 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | |
34.3 | 30 | 34.3 | 32.6 | 30.9 | 28.4 | 25.8 | 24.8 | 23.7 | 23.1 | 22.6 | 22.2 | 21.9 |
40 | 34.3 | 32.8 | 31.2 | 28.6 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 24.0 | 23.5 | 22.9 | 22.4 | 21.9 | |
50 | 34.3 | 32.9 | 31.5 | 28.9 | 26.3 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.8 | 23.2 | 22.5 | 21.9 | |
60 | 36.0 | 34.6 | 33.2 | 30.7 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 23.7 | 22.8 | |
70 | 37.6 | 36.2 | 34.8 | 32.5 | 30.1 | 29.3 | 28.4 | 27.2 | 26.0 | 24.9 | 23.8 | |
80 | 39.3 | 38.0 | 36.7 | 33.9 | 31.2 | 30.3 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.7 | |
33.6 | 30 | 33.6 | 31.9 | 30.2 | 28.0 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 23.5 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 22.0 | 21.5 |
40 | 33.6 | 32.1 | 30.5 | 28.2 | 25.8 | 24.8 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.1 | 21.6 | |
50 | 33.6 | 32.2 | 30.8 | 28.5 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 24.1 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 22.3 | 21.7 | |
60 | 35.3 | 33.9 | 32.5 | 30.2 | 27.9 | 27.0 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.6 | |
70 | 36.9 | 35.5 | 34.1 | 31.9 | 29.7 | 28.9 | 28.0 | 27.0 | 25.8 | 24.7 | 23.5 | |
80 | 38.6 | 37.4 | 36.1 | 33.5 | 30.8 | 29.9 | 28.9 | 28.1 | 27.2 | 26.5 | 25.8 | |
32.9 | 30 | 32.9 | 31.2 | 29.5 | 27.5 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 21.2 |
40 | 32.9 | 31.4 | 29.8 | 27.7 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 23.7 | 23.2 | 22.6 | 21.9 | 21.3 | |
50 | 32.9 | 31.5 | 30.1 | 28.0 | 25.8 | 24.9 | 24.0 | 23.5 | 22.9 | 22.1 | 21.4 | |
60 | 34.6 | 33.2 | 31.8 | 29.6 | 27.6 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.3 | |
70 | 36.2 | 34.8 | 33.4 | 31.4 | 29.2 | 28.4 | 27.6 | 26.7 | 25.7 | 24.5 | 23.3 | |
80 | 37.9 | 36.7 | 35.6 | 33.0 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.8 | 27.2 | 26.6 | 26.0 | |
32.2 | 30 | 32.2 | 30.6 | 28.9 | 27.0 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 23.2 | 22.7 | 22.1 | 21.5 | 20.8 |
40 | 32.2 | 30.7 | 29.2 | 27.2 | 25.3 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 21.7 | 21.0 | |
50 | 32.2 | 30.8 | 29.4 | 27.5 | 25.5 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 21.9 | 21.1 | |
60 | 33.9 | 32.5 | 31.1 | 29.1 | 27.2 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 24.8 | 24.1 | 23.1 | 22.1 | |
70 | 35.5 | 34.1 | 32.7 | 30.8 | 28.8 | 28.0 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 24.3 | 23.0 | |
80 | 37.2 | 36.1 | 35.0 | 32.5 | 30.0 | 28.9 | 27.7 | 27.5 | 27.2 | 26.7 | 26.1 | |
31.5 | 30 | 31.5 | 29.9 | 28.2 | 26.5 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.0 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.5 |
40 | 31.5 | 30.0 | 28.5 | 26.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.3 | 20.6 | |
50 | 31.5 | 30.1 | 28.7 | 27.0 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 22.3 | 21.6 | 20.8 | |
60 | 33.1 | 31.7 | 30.4 | 28.6 | 26.9 | 26.0 | 25.2 | 24.5 | 23.8 | 22.9 | 22.0 | |
70 | 34.5 | 33.3 | 32.0 | 30.3 | 28.4 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 26.1 | 25.2 | 24.2 | 23.1 | |
80 | 36.2 | 35.2 | 34.2 | 31.9 | 29.7 | 28.6 | 27.4 | 27.1 | 26.7 | 26.1 | 25.5 | |
30.8 | 30 | 30.8 | 29.2 | 27.5 | 26.0 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.3 | 20.7 | 20.1 |
40 | 30.8 | 29.3 | 27.8 | 26.2 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 21.6 | 21.0 | 20.3 | |
50 | 30.8 | 29.4 | 28.0 | 26.5 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 20.6 | |
60 | 32.2 | 31.0 | 29.7 | 28.1 | 26.5 | 25.7 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 23.4 | 22.6 | 21.9 | |
70 | 33.6 | 32.5 | 31.4 | 29.7 | 28.0 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | 23.2 | |
80 | 35.3 | 34.3 | 33.3 | 31.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.7 | 26.1 | 25.5 | 25.0 | |
30.1 | 30 | 30.1 | 28.5 | 26.8 | 25.5 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.8 |
40 | 30.1 | 28.6 | 27.1 | 25.7 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 20.0 | |
50 | 30.1 | 28.7 | 27.3 | 26.0 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 21.5 | 20.9 | 20.3 | |
60 | 31.4 | 30.2 | 29.0 | 27.6 | 26.2 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 23.8 | 23.1 | 22.4 | 21.8 | |
70 | 32.6 | 31.6 | 30.7 | 29.2 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 25.9 | 25.4 | 24.7 | 24.0 | 23.2 | |
80 | 34.3 | 33.4 | 32.5 | 30.8 | 29.1 | 28.0 | 26.9 | 26.2 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 24.4 | |
29.4 | 30 | 29.4 | 27.8 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 19.4 |
40 | 29.4 | 27.9 | 26.4 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | |
50 | 29.4 | 28.0 | 26.6 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.0 | |
60 | 30.5 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.1 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 23.5 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.7 | |
70 | 31.6 | 30.8 | 30.0 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | |
80 | 33.3 | 32.5 | 31.6 | 30.2 | 28.8 | 27.7 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.8 | |
28.0 | 30 | 28.0 | 26.5 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 20.2 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.6 |
40 | 28.0 | 26.7 | 25.3 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 21.7 | 20.7 | 19.6 | 19.2 | 18.9 | |
50 | 28.0 | 26.8 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 20.0 | 19.6 | 19.2 | |
60 | 29.0 | 27.9 | 26.8 | 25.7 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.3 | 21.2 | 20.7 | 20.2 | |
70 | 30.0 | 29.0 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 25.8 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 21.8 | 21.2 | |
80 | 31.4 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.2 | 25.2 | 24.2 | 23.1 | 22.6 | 22.2 | |
27.3 | 30 | 27.3 | 25.9 | 24.4 | 23.3 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 20.9 | 19.7 | 18.4 | 18.3 | 18.1 |
40 | 27.3 | 26.0 | 24.7 | 23.6 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 20.1 | 18.9 | 18.7 | 18.4 | |
50 | 27.3 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 20.5 | 19.5 | 19.1 | 18.7 | |
60 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 23.4 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 19.4 | |
70 | 29.1 | 28.1 | 27.1 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 24.5 | 23.9 | 22.7 | 21.5 | 20.8 | 20.1 | |
80 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.4 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 24.5 | 23.3 | 22.1 | 21.7 | 21.3 | |
26.6 | 30 | 26.6 | 25.2 | 23.8 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 19.1 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.7 |
40 | 26.6 | 25.4 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 19.6 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 18.0 | |
50 | 26.6 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 23.3 | 22.2 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.3 | |
60 | 27.5 | 26.4 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 19.2 | 18.7 | |
70 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | 21.9 | 20.5 | 19.8 | 19.0 | |
80 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 22.5 | 21.1 | 20.8 | 20.5 | |
25.9 | 30 | 25.9 | 24.7 | 23.4 | 22.4 | 21.3 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 17.4 |
40 | 25.9 | 24.9 | 23.7 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 19.3 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 17.7 | |
50 | 25.9 | 25.0 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 19.7 | 18.6 | 18.2 | 17.9 | |
60 | 26.8 | 25.9 | 24.9 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 20.8 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 18.3 | |
70 | 27.6 | 26.7 | 25.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 21.7 | 20.4 | 19.6 | 18.8 | |
80 | 28.6 | 27.6 | 26.7 | 25.9 | 25.1 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.3 | 21.0 | 20.7 | 20.4 | |
25.3 | 30 | 25.2 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 22.1 | 21.1 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 18.6 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.2 |
40 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.4 | 21.4 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.0 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.3 | |
50 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.7 | 21.7 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 19.5 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 17.5 | |
60 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 21.7 | 20.5 | 19.3 | 18.6 | 18.0 | |
70 | 26.9 | 26.1 | 25.3 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 21.5 | 20.3 | 19.4 | 18.5 | |
80 | 27.8 | 27.0 | 26.1 | 25.4 | 24.7 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.1 | 20.8 | 20.5 | 20.3 | |
24.6 | 30 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.6 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 18.3 | 16.9 | 16.9 | 16.9 |
40 | 24.6 | 23.8 | 22.9 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 18.7 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 17.0 | |
50 | 24.6 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.3 | 21.4 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.2 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 17.0 | |
60 | 25.4 | 24.8 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.5 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 20.3 | 19.1 | 18.4 | 17.6 | |
70 | 26.2 | 25.6 | 24.8 | 24.3 | 23.6 | 23.1 | 22.5 | 21.3 | 20.1 | 19.2 | 18.3 | |
80 | 26.9 | 26.3 | 25.6 | 24.9 | 24.2 | 23.7 | 23.0 | 21.8 | 20.7 | 20.4 | 20.1 | |
23.9 | 30 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 18.0 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 |
40 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 18.4 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 16.6 | |
50 | 23.9 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | |
60 | 24.7 | 24.2 | 23.6 | 22.9 | 22.2 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.1 | 17.3 | |
70 | 25.5 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 23.3 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | |
80 | 26.1 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 20.0 | |
22.5 | 30 | 22.5 | 21.5 | 20.6 | 19.9 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 17.5 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 16.1 |
40 | 22.5 | 21.6 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 19.4 | 19.0 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 16.9 | 16.5 | 16.2 | |
50 | 22.5 | 21.7 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 18.1 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 16.4 | |
60 | 23.5 | 22.6 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 19.0 | 18.2 | 17.6 | 17.0 | |
70 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 21.0 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 19.2 | 18.4 | 17.9 | |
80 | 25.3 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 22.6 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 19.5 | 19.4 | |
21.1 | 30 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.3 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 15.5 |
40 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.5 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 15.8 | |
50 | 21.1 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 16.1 | |
60 | 22.2 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 16.7 | |
70 | 23.3 | 21.9 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 17.7 | |
80 | 24.4 | 23.0 | 21.6 | 20.8 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 |