存在主义戏剧

现代 戏剧流派之一.一般是指萨特和阿尔贝。卡缪等人的戏剧主张和戏剧创作.该流派出现于第二次世界大战到20世纪５０年代，主要发展和繁荣于法国，对欧美和东方一些国家产生过影响.存在主义戏剧以萨特等人所创立的存在主义哲学为基础，其思想核心为“存在先于本质”说，“自由选择”说和关于人生荒谬的理论.萨特的戏剧创作始于１９４２年，主要剧作有《苍蝇》、《密室》、《死无葬身之地》、《可尊敬的妓女》、《 肮脏的手》等.卡缪的戏剧创作始于３０年代末，主要剧作有《卡里古拉》、《误会》、《正义者》等.存在主义戏剧有如下特征：（１）剧作内容的哲理性，将戏剧作为其哲学的体现者，或者干脆让剧中人互相讨论某种哲学观念，强调戏剧对社会对政治的批判作用，力图使剧作包容丰富、深刻的思想内涵.（２）人物形象塑造较之现代派其他剧作， 抽象化程度小，艺术活力较大，否定塑造典型环境中典型人物的原则，认为人是自由进行选择从而获得自由的本质，情境只为人物进行自我选择提供场所，并认为戏剧能表现的最动人的东西是正在形成的性格，保证道德和生命的选择时刻.（３）遵循 现实主义的戏剧结构原则，大部分剧作情节比较生动、丰富，充满了尖锐的戏剧冲突.存在主义戏剧在６０年代以后，让位于荒诞派戏剧. One of modern drama genre. Generally refers to Sartre and Albert. Camus and others dramatic ideas and theatrical productions. The genre emerged in the Second World War into the 20th century, 50's, major development and prosperity in France, for Europe and the United States and the East have influenced a number of countries. Existentialists Sartre and others play in order to created by the existence of Marxist philosophy, based on their ideological core of "existence precedes essence," said, "freedom of choice," said and on the absurd theory of life. Sartre's theatrical productions began in 1942, the main play of "Fly" , "secret room", "die without burial," "respectable prostitute," "dirty hands" and so on. CAMUS dramatic creation began in the late 30s, the main play of "Caligula", "misunderstanding", "justice who" and so on. existential drama has the following characteristics: (1) play the contents of a philosophical nature, which would play as the embodiment of its philosophy, or simply to discuss with each other dramatis personae of a philosophical concept, stressing drama of social critique of the political role, sought to play an inclusive rich, profound and ideological connotations. (2) People modernist image-building than the other plays, a small degree of abstraction, artistic vitality of large, negative shape the typical environment typical figure of the principle that people are free to choose to be free of the nature of situation only figures to provide a platform for self-selection and that the theater can show the most touching thing is the formation of character, morals and life choices to ensure time . (3) to follow the principles of realism, dramatic structure, most of the plot plays more vivid, rich, full of sharp dramatic conflicts. existential drama 60 years later, give way to Theater of the Absurd.